Pyotr Ivanovich Slovtsov (Pyotr Slovtsov) |

Pyotr Slovtsov

Yarantaka. Shekarun karatu.

An haifi mawaƙin Rasha mai ban mamaki Pyotr Ivanovich Slovtsov a ranar 12 ga Yuli (30 ga Yuni na tsohon salon) a cikin 1886 a ƙauyen Ustyansky, gundumar Kansky, lardin Yenisei, a cikin dangin majami'a.

A farkon yara, yana da shekaru 1,5, ya rasa mahaifinsa. Lokacin da Petya ya kasance shekaru 5, mahaifiyarta ta koma Krasnoyarsk, inda matasa Slovtsov ya ciyar da yaro da matasa.

Bisa ga al'adar iyali, an aika yaron don yin karatu a makarantar tauhidi, sa'an nan kuma zuwa makarantar tauhidi (yanzu ginin sansanin soja na soja), inda malamin kiɗansa PI Ivanov-Radkevich (daga baya farfesa a Moscow Conservatory). ). Ko da a lokacin yaro yaro, rawanin azurfa, mai ban sha'awa, ya ja hankalin duk wanda ke tare da shi da kyawunsa da fa'idarsa.

A makaranta da makarantar hauza, an biya kulawa ta musamman ga waƙa, kuma Pyotr Slovtsov ya rera waƙa da yawa a cikin mawaƙa. Muryarsa ta yi fice a cikin sautin masu karatun boko, kuma aka fara ba shi amanar solo.

Duk wanda ya saurare shi da'awar cewa wani m m aiki yana jiran matashin singer, kuma idan an saita muryar Slovtsov daidai, a nan gaba zai iya zama wurin jagoran lyric a kowane mataki na opera.

A shekara ta 1909, Slovtsov matashi ya sauke karatu daga makarantar tauhidi, kuma, ya yi watsi da aikinsa na iyali a matsayin malami, ya shiga cikin Jami'ar Warsaw a fannin shari'a. Amma bayan watanni shida, sha'awarsa ga kiɗa ya kai shi Moscow Conservatory, kuma ya shiga ajin Farfesa I.Ya.Gordi.

Bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory a 1912, Slovtsov zama soloist a Kyiv Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Murya mai ban sha'awa - ƙwararrun mawaƙa, mai laushi da daraja a cikin timbre, al'adu masu girma, babban gaskiya da bayyana aikin, da sauri ya kawo mawaƙan matashin ƙaunar masu sauraro.

Farkon ayyukan kirkire-kirkire.

Tuni a farkon aikinsa na fasaha, Slovtsov ya yi tare da wasan opera mai yawa da kuma repertoire, wanda kamfanoni da yawa suka rubuta a rubuce. A cikin waɗancan shekarun, yawancin 'yan wasa na farko sun rera waƙa a kan wasan opera na Rasha: L. Sobinov, D. Smirnov, A. Davydov, A. Labinsky da sauran su. Young Slovtsov nan da nan ya shiga wannan ban mamaki galaxy na artists a matsayin daidai.

Amma ga wannan dole ne a kara da cewa da yawa masu sauraro na wancan lokacin sun yarda da wannan ra'ayi cewa Slovtsov yana da wani musamman rare murya a cikin halaye, da wuya a kwatanta. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙƙwalwa, katako mai shafa, wanda ba a taɓa shi ba, sabo, na musamman a cikin ƙarfi kuma tare da sauti mai laushi, ya bautar da masu sauraro masu nasara waɗanda suka manta da komai kuma suna cikin ikon wannan murya gaba ɗaya.

Nisa na kewayon da numfashi mai ban mamaki ya ba wa mawaƙa damar ba da dukan sauti zuwa ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo, ba tare da ɓoye kome ba, ba tare da ɓoyewa ba tare da yanayin numfashi mara kyau.

A cewar masu sharhi da yawa, muryar Slovtsov tana da alaƙa da na Sobinovsky, amma da ɗan fadi kuma har ma da zafi. Tare da sauƙi daidai, Slovtsov ya yi Lensky's aria da Alyosha Popovich's aria daga Grechaninov's Dobrynya Nikitich, wanda kawai mai wasan kwaikwayo na farko zai iya yi.

Abokan zamanin Pyotr Ivanovich sau da yawa suna jayayya game da wane nau'in Slovtsov ya fi kyau a: kiɗa na ɗakin gida ko opera. Kuma sau da yawa ba za su iya samun yarjejeniya ba, saboda a cikin kowane ɗayan su Slovtsov ya kasance babban mashawarci.

Amma wannan abin da aka fi so a fagen rayuwa ya kasance da girman kai, kyautatawa, da rashin girman kai. A 1915, da singer aka gayyace zuwa ga tawagar na Petrograd House. A nan ya yi ta maimaitawa tare da FI Chaliapin a cikin operas "Prince Igor", "Mermaid", "Faust", Mozart da Salieri, "Barber na Seville".

Babban artist ya yi magana game da basirar Slovtsov. Ya ba shi hoton kansa tare da rubutun: "A cikin kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da fatan alheri na nasara a duniyar fasaha." PISlovtsov daga F.Chaliapin, Disamba 31, 1915 St. Petersburg.

Aure tare da MN Rioli-Slovtsova.

Shekaru uku bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory, babban canje-canje ya faru a rayuwar PI Slovtsov, a 1915 ya yi aure. Matarsa, nee Anofrieva Margarita Nikolaevna, kuma daga baya Rioli-Slovtsova kuma sauke karatu daga Moscow Conservatory a 1911 a cikin vocal ajin Farfesa VM Zarudnaya-Ivanova. Tare da ita, a cikin aji na Farfesa UA Mazetti, mawaƙa mai ban mamaki NA Obukhova ya kammala karatun, tare da wanda suke da abokantaka mai karfi na shekaru masu yawa, wanda ya fara a ɗakin ajiya. 'Lokacin da kuka shahara,' Obukova ta rubuta a cikin hotonta da aka ba Margarita Nikolaevna, 'kada ku daina kan tsoffin abokai'.

A cikin bayanin da aka bai wa Margarita Nikolaevna Anofrieva da Farfesa VM Zarudnaya-Ivanova da mijinta, mawaki da kuma darektan MM Ippolitov-Ivanov Conservatory, ba kawai wasan kwaikwayo, amma kuma pedagogical basira na diploma dalibi aka lura. Sun rubuta cewa Anofrieva na iya gudanar da aikin koyarwa ba kawai a makarantun sakandare na kiɗa ba, har ma a cikin ɗakunan ajiya.

Amma Margarita Nikolaevna son wasan opera mataki da kuma samu kammala a nan, yin manyan ayyuka a cikin opera gidajen Tiflis, Kharkov, Kyiv, Petrograd, Yekaterinburg, Tomsk, Irkutsk.

A 1915, MN Anofrieva aure PI Slovtsov, kuma daga yanzu a kan hanyarsu a kan opera mataki da kuma concert wasanni wuce a kusa da haɗin gwiwa.

Margarita Nikolaevna sauke karatu daga Conservatory ba kawai a matsayin singer, amma kuma a matsayin pianist. Kuma a fili yake cewa Pyotr Ivanovich, wanda ya yi a cikin ɗakin kide kide da wake-wake, yana da Margarita Nikolaevna a matsayin abokiyar tafiya da ya fi so, wanda ya san duk abin da ya dace kuma yana da kyakkyawan umurni na fasaha na raka.

Koma zuwa Krasnoyarsk. National Conservatory.

Daga 1915 zuwa 1918 Slovtsov ya yi aiki a Petrograd a Bolshoi Theatre a cikin gidan jama'a. Bayan yanke shawarar ciyar da kansu kadan a Siberiya, bayan jin yunwa Petrograd hunturu, Slovtsovs tafi Krasnoyarsk don bazara ga mahaifiyar mawaƙa. Barkewar tawayen Kolchak bai ba su damar komawa ba. Lokacin 1918-1919, ma'auratan mawaƙa sun yi aiki a Tomsk-Yekaterinburg Opera, da kuma lokacin 1919-1920 a Irkutsk Opera.

Afrilu 5, 1920, da jama'a Conservatory (yanzu Krasnoyarsk College of Arts) aka bude a Krasnoyarsk. PI Slovtsov da MN Rioli-Slovtsova sun dauki mafi yawan aiki a cikin kungiyar, samar da wani abin koyi vocal aji wanda ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin Siberiya.

Duk da manyan matsalolin da aka fuskanta a cikin shekarun lalacewar tattalin arziki - abubuwan da aka gada na yakin basasa - ayyukan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ya kasance mai tsanani da nasara. Ayyukanta sun kasance mafi ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan sauran cibiyoyin kiɗa a Siberiya. Tabbas, akwai matsaloli da yawa: babu isassun kayan kida, dakuna don azuzuwa da kide-kide, malaman makaranta sun yi kasa da watanni, ba a biya hutun bazara kwata-kwata.

Tun 1923, ta hanyar kokarin PI Slovtsov da MN Rioli-Slovtsova, wasan opera ya sake komawa Krasnoyarsk. Ba kamar ƙungiyoyin opera waɗanda a baya suka yi aiki a nan, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira akan kuɗin ziyartar masu fasaha, wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi mawaƙa da mawaƙa na Krasnoyarsk gabaɗaya. Kuma wannan shi ne babban abin yabo na Slovtsovs, wanda ya gudanar ya hada dukan masoya na opera music a Krasnoyarsk. Kasancewa a cikin wasan opera, ba kawai a matsayin masu yin kai tsaye na sassa masu alhakin ba, Slovtsovs sun kasance daraktoci da shugabannin ƙungiyoyin soloists - mawaƙa, wanda ya sauƙaƙe ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru a fagen fasaha.

Slovtsovs sun yi ƙoƙari su sa mazauna Krasnoyarsk su ji mawaƙa masu kyau da yawa ta hanyar gayyatar baƙi masu wasan opera zuwa wasan kwaikwayo. Daga cikin su akwai sanannun masu wasan opera kamar L. Balanovskaya, V. Kastorsky, G. Pirogov, A. Kolomeitseva, N. Surminsky da sauransu. A cikin 1923-1924 aka shirya irin operas kamar Mermaid, La Traviata, Faust, Dubrovsky, Eugene Onegin.

A cikin ɗaya daga cikin talifofin waɗannan shekarun, jaridar “Krasnoyarsk Rabochiy” ta lura cewa “shirya irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da ’yan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, a wata hanya ce.”

Masu sha'awar kiɗa na Krasnoyarsk shekaru da yawa sun tuna da kyawawan hotuna da Slovtsov ya halitta: Yarima a cikin 'Mermaid' na Dargomyzhsky, Lensky a cikin 'Eugene Onegin' na Tchaikovsky, Vladimir a cikin 'Dubrovsky' na Napravnik, Alfred a cikin 'La Traviata' na Verdi, Faust a cikin wasan opera na Gounod. suna iri daya.

Amma mazaunan Krasnoyarsk ba abin tunawa ba ne ga kide kide da wake-wake na Slovtsov, wanda ko da yaushe ake sa ran hutu.

Pyotr Ivanovich yana da ayyukan da aka fi so musamman, waɗanda aka yi tare da ƙwarewa da haɓakawa: soyayyar Nadir daga wasan opera na Bizet 'The Pearl Seekers', waƙar Duke daga Verdi's 'Rigoletto', Tsar Berendey's cavatina daga Rimsky-Korsakov's 'The Snow Maiden', Werther's arioso daga Wasan opera na Massenet mai suna iri ɗaya, Mozart's Lullaby da sauransu.

Ƙirƙirar "Ƙungiyar Opera" a Krasnoyarsk.

A karshen 1924, a kan himma na kungiyar kwadago na art ma'aikata (Rabis), a kan tushen da opera kungiyar da PI Slovtsov ya shirya, an kafa wata babbar opera troupe, mai suna 'Labor Opera Group'. A sa'i daya kuma, an kulla yarjejeniya da majalisar birnin don yin amfani da ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna MAS Pushkin tare da ware tallafin kudi na rubles dubu uku, duk da mawuyacin halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki a kasar.

Fiye da mutane 100 ne suka shiga cikin kamfanin opera. AL Markson, wanda ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon, da SF Abayantsev, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa, sun zama membobin hukumar da daraktocin fasaha na ta. An gayyaci manyan soloists daga Leningrad da sauran birane: Maria Petipa (coloratura soprano), Vasily Polferov (lyric-dramatic tenor), sanannen opera singer Lyubov Andreeva-Delmas. Wannan mai zane yana da haɗin ban mamaki na babbar murya da aikin mataki mai haske. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukan Andreeva-Delmes, ɓangaren Carmen, ya taɓa yin wahayi zuwa ga A. Blok don ƙirƙirar zagaye na waƙoƙin Carmen. Tsofaffin da suka ga wannan wasan kwaikwayon a Krasnoyarsk sun tuna na dogon lokaci abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba da basira da fasaha na mai zane a kan masu sauraro.

Gidan Opera na farko na Krasnoyarsk, wanda aka kirkireshi ta hanyar babban ƙoƙarin Slovtsovs, ya yi aiki mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Masu dubawa sun lura da kaya masu kyau, nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, amma, fiye da duka, babban al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Ƙungiyar opera ta yi aiki na tsawon watanni 5 (daga Janairu zuwa Mayu 1925). A wannan lokacin, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo 14. 'Dubrovsky' na E. Napravnik da 'Eugene Onegin' na P. Tchaikovsky an shirya su tare da sa hannu na Slovtsovs. Opera ta Krasnoyarsk ba ta kasance baƙo ga neman sababbin nau'ikan furci na fasaha ba. A bin misalin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na babban birnin kasar, ana yin wasan kwaikwayo mai suna 'Gwargwadon Jama'a', inda daraktoci suka yi kokarin sake yin nazari kan fitattun fina-finan ta wata sabuwar hanya. Libretto ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin Comune na Paris, da kiɗa - daga 'Tosca' na D. Puccini (irin waɗannan binciken fasaha sun kasance halayen twenties).

Rayuwa a Krasnoyarsk.

Krasnoyarsk mutane sun san Pyotr Ivanovich ba kawai a matsayin artist. Da yake ƙauna tare da aikin ƙauye mai sauƙi tun yana ƙuruciya, ya ba da duk lokacinsa na kyauta don yin noma a duk rayuwarsa a Krasnoyarsk. Yana da doki, shi da kansa ya kula da shi. Kuma mutanen gari sukan ga yadda Slovtsovs suka bi ta cikin birni a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai haske, suna zuwa hutawa a kusa da shi. Ba tsayi ba, mai laushi, tare da bude fuskar Rasha, PI Slovtsov ya jawo hankalin mutane tare da ladabi da sauƙi na adireshin.

Pyotr Ivanovich ya ƙaunaci yanayin Krasnoyarsk, ya ziyarci taiga da shahararrun 'Pillars'. Wannan kusurwar Siberiya mai ban mamaki ta jawo hankalin mutane da yawa, kuma duk wanda ya zo Krasnoyarsk ya yi ƙoƙari ya ziyarci can.

Shaidun gani da ido suna magana game da wani shari'ar lokacin da Slovtsov ya rera waƙa a nesa da kasancewa a cikin wurin wasan kwaikwayo. Ƙungiyar masu zane-zane masu ziyara sun taru, kuma sun tambayi Peter Ivanovich ya nuna musu 'Pillars'.

Labarin cewa Slovtsov yana kan 'Pillars' nan da nan ya zama sananne ga stolbists, kuma sun shawo kan masu zane-zane don saduwa da fitowar rana a kan 'First Pillar'.

Ƙungiyar da Petr Ivanovich ya jagoranci ya jagoranci gogaggun hawan dutse - 'yan'uwan Vitaly da Evgeny Abalakov, Galya Turova da Valya Cheredova, wanda ya ba da tabbacin kowane mataki na stolbists. A saman, magoya bayan shahararren mawaki sun tambayi Pyotr Ivanovich ya raira waƙa, kuma dukan ƙungiyar sun raira waƙa tare da shi tare da haɗin gwiwa.

Concert aiki na Slovtsovs.

Pyotr Ivanovich da Margarita Nikolaevna Slovtsov sun haɗu da aikin koyarwa tare da ayyukan kide-kide. Shekaru da yawa sun yi tare da kide-kide a birane daban-daban na Tarayyar Soviet. Kuma a ko'ina wasan kwaikwayon nasu ya sami kyakkyawan kimantawa.

A 1924, da yawon shakatawa kide na Slovtsov ya faru a Harbin (China). Ɗaya daga cikin sake dubawa mai yawa ya lura: 'Masanin kida na Rasha yana samun ƙarin ƙwararrun masu wasan kwaikwayo a gaban idanunmu… Muryar allahntaka, tenor na azurfa, wanda, bisa ga dukkan alamu, ba shi da daidai a Rasha yanzu. Labinsky, Smirnov da sauransu a halin yanzu, idan aka kwatanta da ɗimbin sauti mai ban sha'awa na Slovtsov, rikodin gramophone ne kawai na 'ba za a iya dawo da su ba'. Kuma Slovtsov shine a yau: rana, crumbling tare da lu'u-lu'u na walƙiya na kiɗa, wanda Harbin bai yi kuskuren yin mafarki ba ... Daga farkon Aria, nasarar da Petr Ivanovich Slovtsov ya samu a jiya ya juya ya zama mai ban mamaki. Dumi-dumu-dumu, guguwa, babu kakkautawa ya juyar da wasan kide-kide zuwa ga ci gaba da nasara. Fadin haka kadan ne kawai don ayyana kyakkyawan ra'ayi na wasan kwaikwayo na jiya. Slovtsov ya rera waƙa da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, ya rera waƙa ta allahntaka… PI Slovtsov mawaƙi ne na musamman kuma na musamman…'

Wannan bita ya lura da nasarar MN Rioli-Slovtsova a cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ba kawai ya raira waƙa da kyau ba, amma har ma tare da mijinta.

Moscow Conservatory.

A 1928, PI Slovtsov aka gayyace a matsayin farfesa na rera waka a Moscow Central Combine of Theater Arts (daga baya GITIS, da kuma yanzu RATI). Tare da koyarwa ayyukan Petr Ivanovich rera waka a Bolshoi Academic Theater na Tarayyar Soviet.

Jaridu na birni sun ayyana shi a matsayin “babban mutum, cikakken mawaƙi, mai jin daɗin suna.” Jaridar Izvestia a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1928, bayan ɗaya daga cikin raye-rayen da ya yi, ya rubuta: “Ya zama dole a san yawancin masu sauraro da fasahar rera waƙa ta Slovtsov.”

Yin aiki tare da babban nasara a Moscow da Leningrad, ya rera waka a cikin "La Traviata" - tare da A. Nezhdanova, a cikin "Mermaid" - game da V. Pavlovskaya da M. Reizen. Jaridu na waɗannan shekarun sun rubuta: "La Traviata" ya zo rayuwa kuma ya sake farfadowa, da zaran manyan mashawarta masu ban sha'awa da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa sun taba shi: Nezhdanova da Slovtsov. irin wannan babban fasaha?

Shekarar karshe ta rayuwar mawakin.

A cikin hunturu na 1934, Slovtsov ya yi yawon shakatawa na Kuzbass tare da kide kide da wake-wake, a karshe kide kide da wake-wake, Pyotr Ivanovich riga rashin lafiya. Ya yi gaggawa zuwa Krasnoyarsk, kuma a nan ya yi rashin lafiya, kuma a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1934 ya tafi. Mawakin ya mutu a cikin babban hazakarsa da karfinsa, yana da shekaru 48 kacal. Dukan Krasnoyarsk sun ga ƙaunataccen ɗan wasansu da ɗan ƙasa a tafiyarsa ta ƙarshe.

A makabartar Pokrovsky (a hannun dama na coci) akwai wani abin tunawa da farin marmara. A cikinta an zana kalmomin daga wasan opera na Massenet 'Werther': 'Oh, kar ka tashe ni, numfashin bazara'. Anan ya huta ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran mawaƙa na Rasha, waɗanda ƴan zamaninsa suke kiransa da suna Siberian nightingale cikin ƙauna.

A cikin wani taron tunawa da mutuwar, ƙungiyar mawakan Soviet, karkashin jagorancin Mawaƙin Jama'a na Jamhuriyar Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sobinov, da sauransu da yawa, sun lura cewa mutuwar Slovtsov "za ta yi zafi sosai a cikin zukatan dumbin masu sauraro a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Ƙungiyar, da kuma jama'ar mawaƙa za su daɗe suna tunawa da mawaƙi mai ban sha'awa kuma babban mai fasaha."

Ranar mutuwar ta ƙare tare da kira: "Kuma wanene, da farko, idan ba Krasnoyarsk ba, ya kamata ya ci gaba da tunawa da Slovtsov?" MN Rioli-Slovtsova, bayan mutuwar Petr Ivanovich, ci gaba da pedagogical aiki a Krasnoyarsk shekaru ashirin. Ta rasu a shekara ta 1954 kuma an binne ta kusa da mijinta.

A shekara ta 1979, kamfanin Leningrad "Melody" ya fito da wani diski wanda aka sadaukar don PI Slovtsov a cikin jerin 'Fitattun mawaƙa na baya'.

Abubuwan da aka shirya bisa ga littafin BG Krivoshey, LG Lavrushev, EM Preisman 'Rayuwar Kiɗa na Krasnoyarsk', gidan buga littattafai na Krasnoyarsk a cikin 1983, takardu na Taskar Jiha na Krasnoyarsk Territory, da Gidan Tarihi na Yanki na Krasnoyarsk na Local Lore.