Oda Abramovna Slobodskaya |

Oda Slobodskaya

Akwai yanayin lokacin da kalmar "shekaru ɗaya da Oktoba" ba ya yi kama da tambarin da aka manta da shi da rabi na zamanin Soviet, amma yana ɗaukar ma'ana ta musamman. Haka lamarin ya faro...

“Sanye da riguna masu arziƙi, da sanda a hannuna, da kambin Sarkin Spain Philip a kaina, na bar babban coci zuwa dandalin… harbi ba zato ba tsammani. A matsayina na sarkin da ba ya tada zaune tsaye, ina saurare da tsauri - wannan raddi ne a gare ni? An sake harbin. Daga tsayin matakai na babban coci, na lura cewa mutane sun yi rawar jiki. Harbi na uku da na hudu - daya bayan daya. Wuri na babu kowa. Mawakan mawaƙa da ƙari suka koma fukafukai, suka manta da ƴan bidi'a, suka fara tattaunawa da babbar murya kan hanyar da za su gudu… Bayan minti ɗaya, mutane sun ruga a baya suna cewa harsashi na yawo a wani waje kuma babu abin tsoro. Mun zauna a kan mataki kuma muka ci gaba da aikin. Masu sauraro sun kasance a cikin zauren, kuma ba su san hanyar da za su gudu ba, don haka suka yanke shawarar zauna.

Me yasa bindigogi? sai muka tambayi manzanni. - Kuma wannan, kun ga, jirgin ruwa mai suna "Aurora" yana harba fadar lokacin hunturu, wanda gwamnatin wucin gadi ta hadu…

Wannan sanannen guntu daga abubuwan tunawa na Chaliapin "Mask da Rai" sananne ne ga kowa. Ba a san cewa a wannan rana mai ban mamaki, Oktoba 25 (Nuwamba 7), 1917, ya faru a karon farko a kan wasan opera na matashin mawaki Oda Slobodskaya wanda ba a san shi ba, wanda ya yi wani ɓangare na Elizabeth.

Halaye nawa masu ban sha'awa na Rasha, ciki har da na mawaƙa, aka tilasta wa barin ƙasarsu ta haihuwa bayan juyin mulkin Bolshevik saboda dalili ɗaya ko wata. Wahalhalun rayuwar Soviet sun kasance marasa jurewa ga mutane da yawa. Daga cikin su akwai Slobodskaya.

An haifi singer a Vilna a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1895. Ta yi karatu a Conservatory na St. Yayin da take yarinya, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na 9 na Beethoven wanda Sergei Koussevitzky ya jagoranta.

Bayan nasara halarta a karon, da matasa artist ya ci gaba da yin a gidan jama'a, kuma nan da nan ya bayyana a kan mataki na Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta halarta a karon a matsayin Lisa (a tsakanin sauran rawa a cikin wadannan shekaru su ne Masha a Dubrovsky, Fevronia, Margarita). Sarauniyar Shemakhan, Elena a Mephistopheles). ). Duk da haka, real daraja zo Slobodskaya kawai kasashen waje, inda ta bar a 1921.

A ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1922, an gudanar da bikin farko na F. Stravinsky na Mavra a Paris Grand Opera a matsayin wani ɓangare na kasuwancin Diaghilev, wanda mawaƙin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa na Parasha. Elena Sadoven (Makwabci) da Stefan Belina-Skupevsky (Hussar) suma sun rera waka a farkon wasan. Wannan samarwa ne ya nuna farkon samun nasara a matsayin mawaƙa.

Berlin, yawon shakatawa tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Ukrainian a Arewa da Kudancin Amirka, wasan kwaikwayo a Mexico, Paris, London, Holland, Belgium - waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan tarihi na tarihin rayuwarta. A 1931, shekaru 10 bayan hadin gwiwa wasanni a Petrograd, rabo sake kawo Slobodskaya da Chaliapin tare. A London, ta shiga tare da shi a cikin yawon shakatawa na opera troupe A. Tsereteli, rera waka na Natasha a cikin "Mermaid".

Daga cikin manyan nasarorin Slobodskaya a 1932 a Covent Garden kamar yadda Venus a Tannhauser tare da L. Melchior, a cikin 1933/34 kakar a La Scala (bangaren Fevronia) da kuma, a karshe, shiga cikin Turanci na farko na wasan opera D. Shostakovich. "Lady Macbeth na gundumar Mtsensk", wanda aka yi a 1936 ta A. Coates a London (ɓangare na Katerina Izmailova).

A shekara ta 1941, a lokacin yakin, Oda Slobodskaya ya shiga cikin aikin Ingilishi mafi ban sha'awa, wanda shahararren mashawarci, ɗan ƙasar Rasha, Anatoly Fistulari * ya yi. Mussorgsky's Sorochinskaya Fair an shirya shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Savoy. Slobodskaya ya rera rawar Parasi a cikin wasan opera. Kira Vane kuma ya shiga cikin aikin, yana kwatanta wannan samarwa dalla-dalla a cikin abubuwan tunawa.

Tare da wasan kwaikwayo a kan wasan opera, Slobodskaya ya yi aiki sosai a rediyo, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da BBC. Ta shiga nan a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Sarauniyar Spades, tana yin ɓangaren Countess.

Bayan yakin, da singer yafi rayuwa da kuma aiki a Ingila, rayayye gudanar da kide-kide ayyukan. Ta kasance ƙwararren mai fassara na ayyukan ɗakin da S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, I. Stravinsky da kuma, musamman, N. Medtner, tare da wanda ta yi maimaita tare. An adana aikin mawaƙin a cikin rikodin na kamfanonin gramophone His Masters Voice, Saga, Decca (Romacin Medtner, ayyukan Stravinsky, J. Sibelius, "Wasiƙar Tatyana" har ma da waƙar M. Blanter "A cikin Forest Forest"). A cikin 1983, yawancin rikodin Slobodskaya sun buga ta kamfanin Melodiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na faifan marubucin N. Medtner.

Slobodskaya ya ƙare ta aiki a 1960. A 1961 ta ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet, ziyartar dangi a Leningrad. Mijin Slobodskaya, matukin jirgi, ya mutu a lokacin yakin yakin Ingila. Slobodskaya ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1970 a London.

lura:

* An haifi Anatoly Grigoryevich Fistulari (1907-1995) a Kyiv. Ya yi karatu a St. Petersburg tare da mahaifinsa, sanannen jagora a lokacinsa. Ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yara, yana da shekaru bakwai ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na 6 na Tchaikovsky tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa. A 1929 ya bar Rasha. Ya shiga cikin kamfanoni daban-daban. Daga cikin ayyukan opera akwai Boris Godunov tare da Chaliapin (1933), Barber of Seville (1933), Sorochinskaya Fair (1941) da sauransu. Ya yi tare da Ballet na Rasha na Monte Carlo, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Philharmonic ta London (tun 1943). Ya kuma yi aiki a Amurka da New Zealand. Ya auri 'yar Gustav Mahler Anna.

E. Tsodokov