Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhova |

Nadezhda Obukhova

Laureate na Stalin Prize (1943), Artist na Tarayyar Soviet (1937).

Domin shekaru da yawa da singer EK yi tare da Obukhov. Katulskaya. Ga abin da ta ce: "Kowane wasan kwaikwayo tare da sa hannu Nadezhda Andreevna ya zama mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa kuma ya haifar da farin ciki. Mallakar murya mai ban sha'awa, na musamman a cikin kyawunta na katako, ƙirar fasaha mai dabara, cikakkiyar dabarar murya da fasaha, Nadezhda Andreevna ya ƙirƙiri cikakken hoto na hotunan mataki na gaskiyar rayuwa mai zurfi da cikakkiyar jituwa.

Da yake da ikon canza fasaha mai ban mamaki, Nadezhda Andreevna ya sami damar samun cancantar canza launi na intonation, da hankali nuances don tabbatar da yanayin hoton matakin, don bayyana ra'ayoyin ɗan adam daban-daban. Halin aikin ya kasance koyaushe yana haɗuwa tare da kyawun sauti da bayyana ma'anar kalmar.

Nadezhda Andreevna Obukhov aka haife kan Maris 6, 1886 a Moscow, a cikin wani tsohon daraja iyali. Mahaifiyarta ta rasu da wuri saboda sha. Uban, Andrei Trofimovich, wani shahararren soja, mai shagaltuwa da al'amuran hukuma, ya ba wa kakansa tarbiyyar yara. Adrian Semenovich Mazaraki ya taso jikokinsa - Nadia, 'yar uwarsa Anna da ɗan'uwan Yuri - a ƙauyensa, a lardin Tambov.

"Kaka ya kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren pian, kuma na saurari Chopin da Beethoven a cikin ayyukansa na sa'o'i," in ji Nadezhda Andreevna daga baya. Kakan ne ya gabatar da yarinyar a wasan piano da rera waƙa. Azuzuwan sun yi nasara: tana da shekaru 12, ƙaramar Nadya ta taka rawar Chopin's nocturnes da taɗi na Haydn da Mozart a hannu huɗu tare da kakanta, mai haƙuri, mai ƙarfi da buƙata.

Bayan mutuwar matarsa ​​da 'yarsa, Adrian Semenovich ya ji tsoron cewa jikokinsa ba za su yi rashin lafiya tare da tarin fuka ba, don haka a 1899 ya kawo 'ya'yansa zuwa Nice.

Mawaƙin ya ce: “Bugu da karatun da muka yi da Farfesa Ozerov, mun soma kwasa-kwasan adabin Faransanci da kuma tarihi. Waɗannan kwasa-kwasan na Madame Vivodi ne na sirri. Mun shiga cikin tarihin juyin juya halin Faransa musamman dalla-dalla. Ita kanta Vivodi ce ta koya mana wannan batu, macen da ta fi haziki wadda ta kasance cikin haziƙan haziƙai, masu ci gaba na Faransa. Kaka ya ci gaba da kunna kiɗa tare da mu.

Mun zo Nice don lokacin sanyi bakwai (daga 1899 zuwa 1906) kuma a cikin shekara ta uku, a 1901, mun fara ɗaukar darussan waƙa daga Eleanor Linman.

Ina son yin waƙa tun ina yaro. Kuma babban burina shi ne na koyi waƙa. Na raba tunanina tare da kakana, ya amsa da gaske ga wannan kuma ya ce shi da kansa ya riga ya yi tunani akai. Ya fara yin tambayoyi game da farfesoshi na rera waƙa, kuma aka gaya masa cewa Madame Lipman, ɗalibar shahararriyar Pauline Viardot, an ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi kyawun malami a Nice. Ni da kakana mun je wurinta, ta zauna a Boulevard Garnier, a cikin ƙaramin gidanta. Madame Lipman ta gaishe mu da kyau kuma sa’ad da kakan ya gaya mata dalilin zuwanmu, ta yi sha’awar sosai kuma ta yi farin cikin sanin cewa mu ’yan Rasha ne.

Bayan an gudanar da bincike, ta gano cewa muna da muryoyi masu kyau kuma ta yarda mu yi aiki tare da mu. Amma nan da nan ba ta gano mezzo-soprano na ba kuma ta ce a cikin aikin zai bayyana a fili ta inda muryata za ta kasance - ƙasa ko sama.

Na ji haushi sosai lokacin da Madame Lipman ta gano cewa ina da soprano, kuma na yi wa kanwata hassada saboda Madame Lipman ta gane ta a matsayin mezzo-soprano. Koyaushe na tabbata cewa ina da mezzo-soprano, ƙaramin sauti ya fi na halitta.

Darussan Madame Lipman suna da ban sha'awa, kuma na je wurinsu da jin daɗi. Madame Lipman da kanta ta raka mu ta nuna mana yadda ake waka. A karshen darasin, ta nuna fasaharta, ta rera wakoki iri-iri na operas; misali, contralto part na Fidesz daga Meyerbeer ta opera Annabi, da aria na ban mamaki soprano Rachel daga Halevy ta opera Zhidovka, coloratura aria na Marguerite tare da lu'u-lu'u daga Gounod ta opera Faust. Muka saurara cikin sha'awa, muna mamakin gwaninta, dabararta da kuma yanayin muryarta, duk da cewa muryar kanta ba ta da daɗi, daɗaɗaɗɗen kututturewa ta buɗe bakinta sosai da muni. Ta raka kanta. A lokacin har yanzu ina da ɗan fahimtar fasaha, amma fasaharta ta ba ni mamaki. Duk da haka, darussan da nake yi ba koyaushe ba ne, domin sau da yawa ina fama da ciwon makogwaro kuma ba zan iya yin waƙa ba.

Bayan mutuwar kakan, Nadezhda Andreevna da Anna Andreevna koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Kawun Nadezhda, Sergei Trofimovich Obukhov, ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kusantar da hankali ga rare halaye na muryar Nadezhda Andreevna da sha'awarta ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa a farkon 1907 Nadezhda ya shiga cikin Conservatory na Moscow.

"Ajin fitaccen farfesa Umberto Mazetti a Moscow Conservatory ya zama, kamar dai, gidanta na biyu," in ji GA Polyanovsky. – Da himma, manta game da barci da hutawa, Nadezhda Andreevna ya yi nazari, kama, kamar yadda ta yi kama da ita, ya ɓace. Amma kiwon lafiya ya ci gaba da yin rauni, canjin yanayi ya kasance ba zato ba tsammani. Jiki ya buƙaci ƙarin kulawa da hankali - cututtuka da suka sha wahala a cikin yara sun shafi, kuma gado ya sa kansa ya ji. A shekara ta 1908, shekara guda bayan na soma irin wannan nazari mai nasara, sai na katse karatuna a makarantar renon yara na ɗan lokaci kuma na koma Italiya don neman magani. Ta shafe 1909 a Sorrento, a Naples, akan Capri.

… Da zarar lafiyar Nadezhda Andreevna ta yi ƙarfi, ta fara shirin dawowa.

Tun 1910 - sake Moscow, Conservatory, aji Umberto Mazetti. Har yanzu tana da gaske sosai, tana fahimta da zaɓar duk wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin Mazetti. Wani malami mai ban sha'awa ya kasance mai wayo, mai ba da shawara wanda ya taimaka wa ɗalibin ya koyi jin kansa, ƙarfafa yanayin sautin sauti a cikin muryarsa.

Duk da haka ci gaba da karatu a Conservatory, Obukova tafi a 1912 don gwada a St. Petersburg, a Mariinsky Theater. Anan ta raira waƙa a ƙarƙashin sunan sunan Andreeva. Washegari da safe, matashin mawaƙa ya karanta a cikin jarida cewa mawaƙa uku ne kawai suka tsaya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky: Okuneva, soprano mai ban mamaki, wani wanda ban tuna ba, da Andreeva, mezzo-soprano daga Moscow.

Komawa zuwa Moscow, Afrilu 23, 1912, Obukova ya ci jarrabawar a cikin mawaƙa.

Obukova ya tuna:

“Na yi kyau sosai a wannan jarrabawar kuma aka naɗa ni in rera waƙa a taron taron shekara-shekara a Babban Hall na Conservatory a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1912. Na rera aria na Chimene. Zauren ya cika, an karbe ni sosai kuma an kira ni sau da yawa. A karshen taron, jama’a da dama sun zo wurina, sun taya ni murnar nasarar da na samu da kuma na kammala karatun jami’a, tare da yi min fatan samun gagarumar nasara a kan tafarkin fasaha na nan gaba.

Washegari na karanta sharhin Yu.S. Sakhnovsky, inda aka ce: "Mrs. Obukhova (aji na Farfesa Mazetti) ya bar ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa tare da wasan kwaikwayon Chimene's aria daga "Cid" na Massenet. A cikin waƙarta, ban da kyakkyawar muryarta da kyakkyawar iyawarta, mutum yana iya jin gaskiya da ɗumi a matsayin wata alama da babu shakka na ƙwararren ƙwararren mataki.

Jim kadan bayan sauke karatu daga Conservatory Obukova aure Pavel Sergeevich Arkhipov, ma'aikaci na Bolshoi Theater: shi ne mai kula da samar da edita sashen.

Har zuwa 1916, lokacin da singer shiga cikin Bolshoi Theater, ta ba da yawa kide kide a ko'ina cikin kasar. A watan Fabrairu, Obukova ta fara halarta a karon a matsayin Polina a cikin Sarauniyar Spades a Bolshoi Theater.

“Nunin farko! Wane ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin ran mai zane zai iya kwatanta da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wannan rana? Cike da kyakkyawan fata, na hau kan dandalin wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, yayin da mutum ya shiga gidan kansa. Wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance kuma ya kasance irin wannan gida a gare ni a tsawon fiye da shekaru talatin na aiki a ciki. Yawancin rayuwata ta wuce a nan, duk abubuwan farin ciki na kirkira da sa'a suna da alaƙa da wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya isa a ce a duk tsawon shekarun aikina na fasaha, ban taba yin wasan kwaikwayo a dandalin wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba.

Afrilu 12, 1916 Nadezhda Andreevna aka gabatar a cikin play "Sadko". Tuni daga wasan kwaikwayo na farko, mai rairayi ya sami damar isar da jin dadi da mutuntaka na hoton - bayan haka, waɗannan su ne siffofi na musamman na gwaninta.

NN Ozerov, wanda ya yi tare da Obukhova a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, ya tuna: "NA Obukova, wanda ya rera waƙa a ranar wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ya kasance mai mahimmanci a gare ni, ya halicci hoto mai ban mamaki da kyau na mace mai aminci, mai ƙauna ta Rasha, "Novgorod". Penelope" - Lyubava. Muryar velvety, mai ban mamaki ga kyawun katako, 'yancin da mawaƙin ya zubar da shi, ƙarfin jin daɗin raira waƙa koyaushe yana nuna wasan kwaikwayon NA Obukhova. "

Don haka ta fara - tare da haɗin gwiwar mawaƙa da yawa, masu gudanarwa, daraktoci na mataki na Rasha. Kuma a sa'an nan Obukhov kanta ya zama daya daga cikin wadannan haske. Ta rera fiye da ashirin da biyar jam'iyyun a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater, kuma kowanne daga cikinsu - lu'u-lu'u na Rasha vocal da mataki art.

EK Katulskaya ya rubuta:

"Da farko, na tuna Obukhova - Lyubasha ("The Tsar Bride") - m, m da yanke hukunci. Ta kowane hali tana yaƙi don farin cikinta, don aminci ga abokantaka, don ƙaunarta, wanda idan ba za ta iya rayuwa ba. Tare da ɗumi mai daɗi da zurfin jin daɗi, Nadezhda Andreevna ya rera waƙar "Ka ba shi da sauri, masoyi uwa ..."; wannan waka mai ban al'ajabi ta yi sauti mai fadi, tana jan hankalin mai sauraro…

Halittar Nadezhda Andreevna a cikin opera "Khovanshchina", siffar Marta, wani unbending so da kuma m rai, nasa ne da m Heights na singer. Tare da tsayin daka na fasaha, ta bayyana sarai tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini da ke cikin jarumar ta, wanda ke ba da hanya ga zafin rai da ƙauna har ta kai ga sadaukar da kai ga Yarima Andrei. Waƙar Rasha mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa "Jariri Ya Fito", kamar yadda Martha ta yi sa'a, ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙira.

A cikin opera Koschei the Immortal, Nadezhda Andreevna ya halicci hoto mai ban mamaki na Koshcheevna. An ji ainihin ainihin “mugun kyau” a wannan hoton. Mummunan zalunci da rashin tausayi sun yi sauti a cikin muryar mawaƙa, tare da zurfin jin daɗin ƙauna ga Ivan Korolevich da kishi mai zafi ga gimbiya.

NA ya ƙirƙiri launukan timbre masu haske da bayyana ra'ayi. Obukhov's radiant, poetic image na Spring a cikin tatsuniyar opera "The Snow Maiden". Maɗaukaki da ruhaniya, hasken rana, zafi da ƙauna tare da muryarta mai ban sha'awa da ra'ayoyin gaskiya, Vesna-Obukhova ta ci nasara da masu sauraro tare da cantilena mai ban mamaki, wanda wannan bangare ya cika da shi.

Marina mai girman kai, abokin hamayyar Aida Amneris mara tausayi, Carmen mai son 'yanci, mawaƙa Ganna da Polina, mai son iko, jaruntaka da mayaudari Delilah - duk waɗannan jam'iyyun sun bambanta da salo da halaye, wanda Nadezhda Andreevna ya iya. isar da mafi ƙarancin inuwar ji, haɗa kida da hotuna masu ban mamaki. Ko da a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren Lyubava (Sadko), Nadezhda Andreevna ya haifar da wani hoton mawallafi wanda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba na mace ta Rasha - mace mai ƙauna da aminci.

Duk abin da ta yi ya ɗora da wani zurfafan jin daɗin ɗan adam da tsayuwar motsin rai. Waƙar raira waƙa a matsayin hanyar magana ta fasaha ta gudana a cikin madaidaici, santsi da kwanciyar hankali, gano nau'in da dole ne mawaƙin ya ƙirƙira don ƙawata sautin. Muryar ta yi ƙara a cikin duk rajista daidai, a yalwace, da haske. Madalla da piano, forte ba tare da wani tashin hankali ba, "kararmashin" bayanin kula ta musamman, "Obukhov's" timbre, expressiveness na kalmar - duk abin da ake nufi don bayyana ra'ayin na aikin, m da kuma m halaye.

Nadezhda Andreevna ya lashe wannan shahara kamar yadda a cikin opera mataki a matsayin mawaƙa. Yin ayyukan kida iri-iri - daga waƙoƙin jama'a da tsofaffin romances (ta yi su tare da fasaha mara kyau) zuwa hadaddun arias na al'ada da soyayya ta mawaƙa na Rasha da na Yamma - Nadezhda Andreevna ya nuna, kamar yadda a cikin wasan opera, dabarar salon salo da na musamman. iyawar canjin fasaha. Yayin da take yin wasan kwaikwayo da dama, ta burge masu sauraro da fara'a na fasaharta, ta samar da sadarwa ta ruhaniya tare da su. Duk wanda ya ji Nadezhda Andreevna a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera ko wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance mai sha'awar fasaharta mai haske har tsawon rayuwarsa. Irin wannan ita ce karfin baiwa.”

Lalle ne, bayan barin wasan opera a farkon rayuwarta a 1943, Obukova ta sadaukar da kanta ga ayyukan kide-kide tare da wannan babban nasara. Ta kasance mai aiki musamman a cikin 40s da 50s.

Shekarun mawakin yawanci gajere ne. Duk da haka, Nadezhda Andreevna, ko da yana da shekaru saba'in da biyar, yin a cikin dakin kide-kide, mamaki da masu sauraro da tsarki da kuma ruhi na musamman da katako na mezzo-soprano.

Yuni 3, 1961, wani solo concert Nadezhda Andreevna ya faru a gidan actor, da kuma Yuni 26, ta raira waƙa da dukan sashe a cikin concert a can. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo ya zama waƙar swan Nadezhda Andreevna. Bayan ta huta a Feodosia, ta mutu kwatsam a can ranar 14 ga Agusta.