Ruggero Leoncavallo |

Ruggero Leoncavallo

“…Mahaifina shine shugaban kotun, mahaifiyata diya ce ga wani mashahurin mai fasaha na Neapolitan. Na fara nazarin waƙa a Naples kuma ina ɗan shekara 8 na shiga makarantar reno, sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara 16 na karɓi difloma ta maestro, farfesa a fannin fasaha Serrao, a piano Chesi. A final exams sukayi cantata. Daga nan na shiga Faculty of Philology a Jami’ar Bologna don inganta ilimina. Na yi nazari da mawaƙin Italiyanci Giosuè Caroucci, kuma sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara 20 na sami digiri na uku a fannin adabi. Sai na je yawon shakatawa na zane-zane zuwa Masar don ziyarci kawuna, wanda shi ne mawaki a kotu. Yakin ba zato ba tsammani da mamayar Masar da turawan Ingila suka yi ya rikitar da duk wani shiri na. Ba ko kwabo a aljihuna, sanye da rigar Larabawa, da kyar na fito daga Masar na karasa Marseille, inda ya fara yawo. Na ba da darussan kiɗa, yin wasan kwaikwayo a gidajen cin abinci na chantany, na rubuta waƙoƙi don soubrettes a cikin ɗakunan kiɗa, ”R. Leoncavallo ya rubuta game da kansa.

Kuma a ƙarshe, sa'a. Mawaƙin ya dawo ƙasarsa kuma yana halarta a cikin nasara na P. Mascagni's Rustic Honor. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya yanke shawarar makomar Leoncavallo: yana haɓaka sha'awar rubuta opera kawai kuma a cikin sabon salo. Makircin nan da nan ya zo a hankali: don haifuwa a cikin operatic sigar wannan mummunan al'amari daga rayuwa, wanda ya shaida yana da shekaru goma sha biyar: Valet mahaifinsa ya ƙaunaci wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai yawo, wanda mijinta, bayan kama masoya, ya kashe matarsa ​​​​duka biyu. kuma mai lalata. Ya ɗauki Leoncavallo watanni biyar kacal don rubuta libretto kuma ya ci wa Pagliacci. An gudanar da wasan opera a Milan a shekara ta 1892 a karkashin jagorancin matashi A. Toscanini. Nasarar ta kasance babba. "Pagliacci" ya bayyana nan da nan a duk matakai na Turai. An fara yin wasan opera a maraice ɗaya da Mascagni's Rural Honor, don haka alama ce ta cin nasara na sabon yanayin fasaha - verismo. An yi shelar gabatarwa ga opera Pagliacci Manifesto of Verism. Kamar yadda masu suka suka yi nuni da cewa, nasarar da aka samu a wasan opera ta samu ne saboda kasancewar mawaqin yana da hazakar adabi. Libretto na Pajatsev, wanda aka rubuta da kansa, yana da taƙaitaccen bayani, mai ƙarfi, mai ban sha'awa, kuma an tsara haruffan haruffa cikin sauƙi. Kuma duk wannan aikin wasan kwaikwayo mai haske yana kunshe cikin waƙoƙin da ba a mantawa da su ba, masu buɗe ido na zuciya. Maimakon arias na yau da kullum, Leoncavallo yana ba da ariosos mai ƙarfi na irin wannan ƙarfin zuciya wanda opera na Italiya bai sani ba a gabansa.

Bayan The Pagliacians, mawaki ya ƙirƙiri ƙarin operas 19, amma babu ɗayansu da ya sami nasara iri ɗaya kamar na farko. Leoncavallo ya rubuta a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban: yana da wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi ("Roland daga Berlin" - 1904, "Medici" - 1888), bala'i masu ban mamaki ("Gypsies", dangane da waƙar A. Pushkin - 1912), wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya ("Maya"). "- 1910), operettas ("Malbrook" - 1910, "Sarauniya na Roses" - 1912, "The First Kiss" - post. 1923, da dai sauransu) da kuma, ba shakka, verist operas ("La Boheme" - 1896 da kuma "Zaza" - 1900).

Baya ga ayyukan wasan opera, Leoncavallo ya rubuta ayyukan ban dariya, guntun piano, soyayya, da waƙoƙi. Amma kawai "Pagliacci" har yanzu ci gaba da samun nasarar ci gaba a kan opera matakai na dukan duniya.

M. Dvorkina