Artur Rodzinsky |
Artur Rodziński
An kira Artur Rodzinsky madugu-ƙara. A kan mataki, duk abin da ya yi biyayya ga nufinsa marar karewa, kuma a cikin dukkan al'amuran halitta ya kasance marar karewa. A lokaci guda, Rodzinsky aka kawai dauke daya daga cikin m Masters na aiki tare da kungiyar makada, wanda ya san yadda za a isar da duk nufinsa ga masu wasan kwaikwayo. Ya isa a ce lokacin da Toscanini a shekarar 1937 ya kirkiri shahararriyar kungiyarsa ta National Radio Corporation (NBC), ya gayyaci Rodzinsky na musamman don aikin share fage, kuma a cikin kankanin lokaci ya yi nasarar mayar da mawaka tamanin a cikin wani kyakkyawan gungu.
Irin wannan fasaha ya zo Rodzinsky da nisa daga nan da nan. Lokacin da ya fara halarta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lviv Opera a 1918, mawaƙan sun yi dariya game da umarninsa na ban dariya, wanda ya ba da shaida ga rashin cancantar shugaban matasa. Lalle ne, a wancan lokacin Rodzinsky ba shi da kwarewa tukuna. Ya yi karatu a Vienna, da farko a matsayin pianist tare da E. Sauer, sa'an nan a cikin gudanarwa ajin na Academy of Music tare da F. Schalk, a lokacin da karatun lauya a jami'a. An katse waɗannan azuzuwan a lokacin yaƙin: Rodzinsky yana gaba kuma ya koma Vienna bayan rauni. An gayyace shi zuwa Lvov ta lokacin darektan opera, S. Nevyadomsky. Ko da yake na halarta a karon bai yi nasara ba, matashin jagoran da sauri ya sami basirar da ake bukata kuma a cikin 'yan watanni ya sami daraja tare da abubuwan da ya yi na Carmen, Ernani da Ruzhitsky's opera Eros da Psyche.
A 1921-1925, Rodzinsky yi aiki a Warsaw, gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na opera da kade-kade. A nan, a lokacin wasan kwaikwayon The Meistersingers, L. Stokowski ya ja hankalinsa zuwa gare shi kuma ya gayyaci mai fasaha mai fasaha zuwa Philadelphia a matsayin mataimakinsa. Rodzinsky ya kasance mataimakin Stokovsky na shekaru uku kuma ya koyi abubuwa da yawa a wannan lokacin. Har ila yau, ya sami ƙwarewa ta hanyar ba da kide-kide masu zaman kansu a biranen Amurka daban-daban da kuma jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗar ɗalibi da Stokowski ta shirya a Cibiyar Curtis. Duk wannan ya taimaka Rodzinsky ya zama babban shugaba na kungiyar makada a Los Angeles riga a 1929, kuma a 1933 a Cleveland, inda ya yi aiki shekaru goma.
Waɗannan su ne lokutan hazaka na gwanintar madugu. Ya sake sabunta tsarin ƙungiyar mawaƙa sosai kuma ya ɗaga ta zuwa matakin mafi kyawun gungu na kaɗe-kaɗe a ƙasar. Karkashin jagorancinsa, ana yin kida na gargajiya da na zamani a nan kowace shekara. Mahimmanci na musamman shine "karanta makada na ayyukan zamani" wanda Rodzinsky ya shirya a cikin gwaje-gwaje a gaban mawaƙa masu iko da masu sukar. Mafi kyawun waɗannan abubuwan ƙirƙira an haɗa su a cikin tarihinsa na yanzu. A nan, a Cleveland, tare da halartar mafi kyau soloists, ya shirya da dama gagarumin productions na operas ta Wagner da R. Strauss, da kuma Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth na gundumar Mtsensk.
A wannan lokacin, Rodzinsky ya yi tare da mafi kyaun Amurka da Turai Orchestras, akai-akai yawon bude ido a Vienna, Warsaw, Prague, London, Paris (inda ya gudanar da kide-kide na Yaren mutanen Poland music a World Nunin), da Salzburg Festival. Da yake bayyana nasarorin da madugu ya samu, mai sukar Ba’amurke D. Yuen ya rubuta cewa: “Rodzinsky yana da kyawawan halaye masu kyau na madugu: mutunci da himma, iyawa ta musamman ta shiga ainihin ainihin ayyukan kaɗe-kaɗe, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da hana ƙarfi, ikon kama-karya na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. makada ga nufinsa. Amma, watakila, babban fa'idodinsa shine ƙarfin ƙungiyarsa da kuma fitacciyar fasahar ƙungiyar makaɗa. Kyakkyawar ilimin iyawar ƙungiyar makaɗa ya bayyana a fili a cikin fassarar Rodzinsky na ayyukan Ravel, Debussy, Scriabin, farkon Stravinsky tare da launuka masu haske da launi na ƙungiyar makaɗa, hadaddun rhythms da gine-gine masu jituwa. Daga cikin mafi kyau nasarorin da artist akwai kuma fassarar symphonies Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Sibelius, ayyukan Wagner, R. Strauss da Rimsky-Korsakov, kazalika da dama na zamani composers, musamman Shostakovich, wanda m farfaganda shi ne shugaba. . Karancin nasara na Rodzinsky na gargajiya na Viennese symphonies.
A farkon arbuwan arba'in, Rodzinsky ya shagaltar da daya daga cikin manyan mukamai a cikin fitattun masu gudanarwa na Amurka. Shekaru masu yawa - daga 1942 zuwa 1947 - ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra Philharmonic ta New York, sannan kuma kungiyar makada ta Symphony ta Chicago (har zuwa 1948). A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya yi aiki a matsayin jagoran yawon shakatawa, wanda ya fi zama a Italiya.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
