Christoph Eschenbach |

Christopher Eschenbach

Darektan fasaha da Babban Darakta na Orchestra na Symphony na Washington da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kennedy don Yin Arts, Christoph Eschenbach abokin aiki ne na dindindin tare da mashahuran makada da gidajen opera na duniya. Wani dalibi na George Sell da Herbert von Karajan, Eschenbach ya jagoranci irin wannan ensembles kamar Orchester de Paris (2000-2010), Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra (2003-2008), Arewacin Jamus Rediyo Symphony Orchestra (1994-2004), Houston Symphony. Orchestra (1988) -1999, Tonhalle Orchestra; ya kasance darektan zane-zane na bukukuwan kiɗa a Ravinia da Schleswig-Holstein.

Lokacin 2016/17 shine lokacin maestro na bakwai kuma na ƙarshe a NSO da Cibiyar Kennedy. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar makaɗa a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa sun yi manyan balaguron balaguro guda uku, waɗanda suka sami gagarumar nasara: a cikin 2012 - a Kudancin Amurka da Arewacin Amurka; a 2013 - a Turai da Oman; a cikin 2016 - kuma a Turai. Bugu da ƙari, Christoph Eschenbach da ƙungiyar mawaƙa a kai a kai suna yin wasan kwaikwayo a Hall Carnegie. Abubuwan da suka faru na wannan kakar sun haɗa da farkon wasan kwaikwayo na U.Marsalis Violin Concerto a Tekun Gabashin Amurka, aikin da NSO ta ba da umurni, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe na shirin Exploring Mahler.

Ayyukan Christoph Eschenbach na yanzu sun haɗa da sabon samar da wasan opera na B. Britten The Turn of Screw a Milan's La Scala, wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin bako madugu tare da Orchester de Paris, National Orchestra na Spain, Seoul da London Philharmonic Orchestras, Philharmonic Orchestra. na Radio Netherlands, National Orchestra na Faransa, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra na Stockholm.

Kristof Eschenbach yana da faifan bidiyo mai faɗi a matsayin ɗan wasan pianist da madugu, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da sanannun kamfanonin rikodi. Daga cikin rikodin tare da NSO akwai kundin "Tunawa John F. Kennedy" na Ondine. A kan wannan lakabin, an yi rikodin rikodin tare da Orchestra na Philadelphia da Orchester de Paris; tare da na ƙarshe an kuma fitar da kundi akan Deutsche Grammophon; Mai gudanarwa ya yi rikodin tare da London Philharmonic akan EMI/LPO Live, tare da Symphony na London akan DG/BM, Vienna Philharmonic akan Decca, Symphony na Jamus ta Arewa da kuma Houston Symphony akan Koch.

Yawancin ayyukan maestro a fagen rikodin sauti sun sami lambobin yabo masu daraja, ciki har da Grammy a cikin 2014; nadin "Disc of the Month" a cewar mujallar BBC, "Zaɓin Edita" a cewar mujallar Gramophon, da kuma lambar yabo daga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Jamus. Fayil ɗin tsararru ta Kaia Saariaho tare da Orchestra de Paris da soprano Karita Mattila a cikin 2009 sun sami lambar yabo na ƙwararrun alkalan wasan baje kolin kiɗa na Turai MIDEM (Marché International du Disque et de l'Edition Musicale). Bugu da kari, Christoph Eschenbach ya rubuta cikakken zagayowar kade-kade na H. Mahler tare da kungiyar Orchestra de Paris, wadanda ake samun su kyauta a gidan yanar gizon mawakan.

Kyaututtukan Christoph Eschenbach suna da alamun kyaututtuka da lakabi masu girma a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Maestro - Chevalier na Order of the Legion of Honor, Kwamandan Order of Arts da Fine Haruffa na Faransa, Babban Jami'in Cross na Order of Merit ga Tarayyar Jamus da kuma National Order na Tarayyar Jamus; wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta L. Bernstein da Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Pacific ta bayar, wanda darektan zane-zane K. Eschenbach ya kasance a cikin 90s. A cikin 2015 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Ernst von Siemens, wacce ake kira "Kyautar Nobel" a fagen kiɗa.

Maestro yana ba da lokaci mai yawa don koyarwa; a kai a kai yana ba da azuzuwan masters a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Manhattan, Kwalejin Kronberg da kuma a bikin Schleswig-Holstein, galibi suna haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa na matasa na bikin. A cikin gwaje-gwaje tare da NSO a Washington, Eschenbach yana ba wa ɗaliban ɗalibai damar shiga cikin gwaje-gwaje a kan daidaitattun daidaito tare da mawaƙa na ƙungiyar makaɗa.

A cikin shekarun farko bayan yaƙi a Jamus ta Yamma, an sami koma baya sosai a fasahar pian. Domin da yawa dalilai (gado na baya, da shortcomings na m ilimi, da kuma kawai daidaituwa), Jamus pianists kusan ba su taba daukar manyan wurare a cikin kasa da kasa gasa, ba su shiga babban kide kide. Shi ya sa tun lokacin da aka fara sanin bayyanar wani yaro mai hazaka, sai idanun masoyan waka suka ruga zuwa gare shi da bege. Kuma, kamar yadda ya juya, ba a banza ba.

Jagora Eugen Jochum ya gano shi yana da shekaru 10, bayan yaron ya kwashe shekaru biyar yana karatu a karkashin jagorancin mahaifiyarsa, mai wasan piano da mawaki Vallidor Eschenbach. Jochum ya mika shi ga malamin Hamburg Elise Hansen. Yunƙurin hawan Eschenbach ya yi sauri, amma, sa'a, wannan bai hana shi haɓakar haɓakar haɓakarsa na tsari ba kuma bai sanya shi ɗan wasa ba. Yana da shekaru 11, ya zama na farko a gasar matasa mawaka da kamfanin Stenway ya shirya a Hamburg; yana da shekaru 13, ya yi sama da shirin a gasar kasa da kasa ta Munich kuma an ba shi kyauta ta musamman; yana da shekaru 19 ya sami wata kyauta - a gasar daliban jami'o'in kiɗa a Jamus. Duk wannan lokacin, Eschenbach ya ci gaba da karatu - na farko a Hamburg, sa'an nan a Cologne Higher School of Music tare da X. Schmidt, sa'an nan kuma a Hamburg tare da E. Hansen, amma ba a asirce ba, amma a Higher School of Music (1959-1964). ).

Farkon aikinsa na ƙwararru ya kawo Eschenbach manyan lambobin yabo guda biyu waɗanda suka rama haƙurin 'yan uwansa - lambar yabo ta biyu a gasar Munich International Competition (1962) da lambar yabo ta Clara Haskil - lambar yabo ɗaya tilo ga wanda ya lashe gasar da aka sanya mata suna. Lucerne (1965).

Irin wannan shine babban birnin farawa na mai zane - mai ban sha'awa sosai. Masu sauraro sun ba da girmamawa ga kiɗansa, sadaukar da kai ga fasaha, cikakkiyar fasaha na wasan. Fayafai biyu na Eschenbach na farko - abubuwan Mozart da Schubert's "Trout Quintet" (tare da "Kekkert Quartet") sun sami karbuwa da kyau daga masu suka. “Waɗanda suka saurari ayyukansa na Mozart,” mun karanta a cikin mujallar “Music,” babu makawa za su sami ra’ayin cewa hali ya bayyana a nan, wataƙila an kira shi daga maɗaukakin zamaninmu don sake gano ayyukan piano na babban maigidan. Har yanzu ba mu san inda hanyar da ya zaɓa za ta kai shi ba - zuwa Bach, Beethoven ko Brahms, zuwa Schumann, Ravel ko Bartok. Amma gaskiyar ta kasance cewa yana nuna ba kawai karɓuwa ta ruhaniya ta ban mamaki ba (ko da yake wannan, watakila, zai ba shi dama daga baya don haɗa kishiyar iyakacin duniya), amma har ma da ruhi.

Hazakar matashin dan wasan pianist da sauri ya balaga kuma an kafa shi da wuri: wanda zai iya jayayya, yana nufin ra'ayoyin masana masu iko, cewa shekaru goma da rabi da suka wuce bayyanarsa ba ta bambanta da yau ba. Shin wannan nau'in repertoire ne. A hankali, duk waɗancan nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen piano waɗanda "Muzika" ya rubuta game da su suna jan hankalin masu wasan piano. Sonatas na Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt ana ƙara jin shi a cikin kide-kide nasa. Rikodi na wasan kwaikwayo na Bartók, ayyukan piano na Schumann, Schumann's da Brahms' quintets, Beethoven's concertos da sonatas, Haydn's sonatas, kuma a ƙarshe, cikakken tarin sonatas na Mozart akan rikodin bakwai, da kuma yawancin piano duets na Mozart da Schu, da shi tare da pianist, ana sake su daya bayan daya. Justus Franz ne adam wata. A cikin raye-rayen kide-kide da rikodi, mai zane koyaushe yana tabbatar da kidan sa da haɓakar haɓakarsa. Yin la'akari da fassararsa na Beethoven mafi wuya Hammerklavier sonata (Op. 106), masu dubawa musamman lura da ƙin yarda da duk abin da ke waje, na al'adun da aka yarda da su a cikin lokaci, ritardando da sauran fasahohi, "waɗanda ba a cikin bayanin kula da kuma abin da pianists da kansu sukan yi amfani da su don tabbatarwa. nasarar da suka samu a wurin jama'a." Critic X. Krelman ya jaddada, yayin da yake magana game da fassarar Mozart, cewa "Eschenbach yana wasa bisa tushen tushe na ruhaniya wanda ya halitta don kansa kuma wanda ya zama tushen yin aiki mai tsanani da kuma alhakinsa."

Tare da na gargajiya, mawaƙin kuma yana da sha'awar kiɗan zamani, kuma mawaƙa na zamani suna sha'awar basirarsa. Wasu daga cikinsu fitattun ƴan ƙasar Jamus ne masu sana'a G. Bialas da H.-W. Henze, ya sadaukar da kide-kide na piano ga Eschenbach, wanda ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo.

Ko da yake ayyukan kide-kide na Eschenbach, wanda ya tsananta wa kansa, bai kai na wasu abokan aikinsa ba, ya riga ya yi a yawancin kasashen Turai da Amurka, ciki har da Amurka. A 1968, da artist halarci a karon farko a cikin Prague Spring Festival. Wani mai sukar Soviet V. Timokhin, wanda ya saurare shi, ya ba da sifa mai zuwa na Eschenbach: “Hakika shi mawaƙi ne mai hazaka, yana da hazaka mai ƙwazo, mai iya ƙirƙirar duniyar kiɗan nasa da rayuwa mai daɗaɗawa. rayuwa a cikin da'irar hotunansa. Duk da haka, a gare ni cewa Eschenbach ya fi ƙwararren pian ɗin ɗaki. Yana barin mafi girman ra'ayi a cikin ayyukan da aka shata tare da tunani na waƙa da kyawun waƙa. Amma iyawar mai wasan pian na iya ƙirƙirar duniyar kiɗan kansa ta sa mu, idan ba a cikin komai ba, mun yarda da shi, sannan tare da sha'awar da ba ta da tushe, bi yadda ya fahimci ainihin ra'ayoyinsa, yadda ya tsara tunaninsa. Wannan, a ganina, shine dalilin babban nasarar da Eschenbach ke samu tare da masu sauraronsa.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, a cikin maganganun da ke sama kusan babu wani abu da aka ce game da fasaha na Eschenbach, kuma idan sun ambaci dabarun mutum, kawai dangane da yadda suke taimakawa wajen aiwatar da ra'ayoyinsa. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa dabara ita ce gefen rauni na mai zane ba, amma ya kamata a gane a matsayin mafi girman yabo ga fasaharsa. Duk da haka, fasaha har yanzu ba ta da kamala. Babban abin da har yanzu ya rasa shi ne ma'auni na ra'ayi, ƙarfin kwarewa, don haka halayyar manyan 'yan wasan pian na Jamus na baya. Kuma idan a baya da yawa sun yi annabta Eschenbach a matsayin magajin Backhaus da Kempf, yanzu ana iya jin irin wannan hasashen sau da yawa. Amma ku tuna cewa su biyun kuma sun sami lokutan koma-baya, an yi musu kaifi da suka kuma sun zama maestro na gaske kawai a cikin shekaru masu daraja.

Akwai, duk da haka, wani yanayi wanda zai iya hana Eschenbach tashi zuwa wani sabon matsayi a cikin pianism. Wannan yanayin sha'awar gudanar da shi ne, wanda a cewarsa, yake mafarkin tun yana karami. Ya fara fitowa a matsayin madugu lokacin da yake karatu a Hamburg: sannan ya jagoranci wani ɗalibi na opera na Hindemith's We Build a City. Bayan shekaru 10, da artist a karon farko ya tsaya a bayan na'ura wasan bidiyo na ƙwararrun ƙungiyar makaɗa da gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon na Bruckner ta uku Symphony. Tun daga wannan lokacin, rabon gudanar da wasanni a cikin jadawalinsa ya karu kuma ya kai kusan kashi 80 cikin dari a farkon shekarun 80s. Yanzu Eschenbach ba kasafai yake yin piano ba, amma ya kasance sananne saboda fassarar kiɗan Mozart da Schubert, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na duet tare da Zimon Barto.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990