Daidaitawa |

daga Girkanci synkope - truncation

Canza fifiko daga bugun da ya fi ƙarfin awo zuwa mai rauni. Halin al'ada shine tsawaita sauti daga lokaci mara ƙarfi zuwa lokaci mai ƙarfi ko ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi:

Da sauransu. Kalmar “C”, wacce aka gabatar a zamanin ars nova, an aro ta ne daga nahawu, inda take nufin hasarar sautin sila ko wasali mara nauyi a cikin kalma. A cikin kiɗa, yana nuna ba kawai asarar lokacin da ba a damuwa da farkon farawar lafazin ba, har ma da duk wani canji na damuwa. S. na iya zama duka biyun "tsammani" da "dagewa" (duba: Braudo IA, Articulation, shafi 78-91), ko da yake ba za a iya yin wannan bambance-bambance tare da cikakken tabbaci ba.

A cikin tsayayyen salon polyphony, S., yawanci ana samuwa ta hanyar jinkiri, da gaske suna jinkiri:

A cikin polyphony daga baya, inda ake amfani da dissonances kyauta, shirye-shiryen da ke da alaƙa da sautin rashin daidaituwa na gasar suna ɗaukar halayen da suka gabata C. A cikin pl. lokuta, ba za a iya kafa jagorancin motsi ba: irin waɗannan, alal misali, su ne damuwa tsakanin ma'auni. yana goyan bayan, ƙirƙirar ci gaba na motsi, kamar yadda a farkon allegro na 1st part of Mozart's symphony in D-dur (K.-V. 504). Alamar Babban S. ita ce karkatacciyar ƙarar gaske daga al'ada wacce mitar agogo ta tsara, wanda ke haifar da rhythmic. “Dissonances”, waɗanda aka warware a daidai lokacin da aka samu daidaituwar abubuwan duka biyu:

L. Beethoven. Siphony na 4, motsi na farko.

Zuwa rhythmic dissonances da ke buƙatar ƙuduri na abin da ake kira. hemiola.

Bambance-bambancen da aka saba da shi ya haifar da masu ilimin tauhidi na karni na 17. sifa S. (syncopatio) zuwa furucin kida. Figures, watau, sabawa daga yanayin magana da aka saba (kamar yadda tsoffin maganganun da aka ayyana su).

Don dalilai guda ɗaya, an ƙaddamar da manufar S. daga baya zuwa kowane nau'in marasa awo. accent, incl. don lokuta lokacin da aka ba da fifiko ga rauni mai rauni ya biyo bayan dakatarwa a kan bugun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ba tsawaita sauti ba (

), da kuma lafazi na wucin gadi akan bugun rauni mai ma'auni, lokacin da yake da tsayin bayanin kula fiye da na baya mai ƙarfi (duba Lombard rhythm).

Nau'in ƙarshe ya haɗa da waƙoƙin al'ada da yawa; sun yi kama da na gargajiya. iambic ko tsakiyar karni. Yanayin 2nd, to-rye a cikin yanayin rhythm na agogo ana fahimtar su azaman S., amma ta yanayin su na cikin rhythmic na farko. tsarin da tsawon lokaci ba shine hanyar ƙarawa ba kuma inda ba a tsara rarraba lafazin ta hanyar ma'auni (duba Mita).

Don haka, a cikin waɗannan lokuta, babu wata sifa ta S. tsakanin ma'auni na gaske da na ainihi. accentuation. Rikici tsakanin mita da accentuation a wasu lokuta yana kunna awo. goyan bayan (ko da ba a aiwatar da su a cikin sauti ba), ƙirƙirar ext. jerks, jaddada ainihin ɗan lokaci, a wasu - yana ɓoye ma'auni. yana goyan bayan kuma ya haifar da wani nau'in ɗan gajeren lokaci rubato ("sata lokaci").

S. na nau'in 1st sune halayyar saurin sauri, musamman a cikin classic. kiɗa (inda "ƙarfin rhythmic" ya mamaye), da kuma rawa. da kiɗan jazz na karni na 20; S. na farkon nau'in ya fi rinjaye a nan (misali, farkon pianoforte na sonata op. 31 No 1, G-dur da coda daga Beethoven's Leonora No 3 overture, S. a yawancin ayyukan R. Schumann).

Da wuya ana samun kunna mita da ɗan lokaci ta hanyar jinkirta S. (misali, Beethoven's Coriolan overture, babban ɓangaren PI Tchaikovsky's Romeo da Juliet overture). A cikin romantic Music sau da yawa ci karo da S. na akasin haka, "rubat" yanayi. Rhythmich. A wannan yanayin, wasu lokuta dissonances suna kasancewa ba tare da ƙuduri ba (misali, a ƙarshen ɓangaren Liszt “Bénédiction de Dieu dans la solitude” na piano):

P. Leaf. Benediction de Dieu dans la kadaici, yanki don piano.

A cikin samar da romantics, jinkirin Cs ana amfani da su sosai. Dabarar al'ada ita ce jinkirin waƙar, kama da dakatarwa a cikin kayan ado na muses. salon baroque (, yi) da kuma wakiltar rubutaccen rubato, kamar yadda aka fahimta a cikin ƙarni na 17-18:

F. Chopin. Fantasy f-moll don piano.

Tsammanin S. a cikin masu son soyayya, kuma musamman a tsakanin AN Scriabin, yana kara kaifi. dissonances baya jaddada awo. bugun jini.

P. Chopin. Nocturne c-moll don piano.

References: Braudo IA, Magana, L., 1965; Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Nazarin ayyukan kiɗa. Abubuwan kiɗa da hanyoyin bincike na ƙananan nau'i, M., 1967, p. 191-220.

MG Harlap