Karl (Karoy) Goldmark (Karl Goldmark) |

Karl Goldmark

Rayuwa da aikin Karoly Goldmark shine gwagwarmayar kullun don gurasa, gwagwarmaya don ilimi, don wuri a rayuwa, ƙauna ga kyakkyawa, daraja, fasaha.

Yanayin ya ba wa mawaki damar iyawa na musamman: a cikin yanayi mafi wahala, godiya ga baƙin ƙarfe, Goldmark ya tsunduma cikin ilimin kai, yana karatu koyaushe. Ko da a cikin ɗimbin arziki, rayuwar kiɗa mai launi iri-iri na ƙarni na XNUMX, ya sami damar riƙe ɗabi'unsa, launi na musamman mai kyalli tare da kyawawan launuka na gabas, haɓakar guguwa, wadataccen waƙoƙin waƙa waɗanda ke mamaye duk aikinsa.

Goldmark ya koyar da kansa. Malamai sun koya masa fasahar buga violin kawai. Ƙwararren ƙwarewa na ƙira, haɓaka fasahar kayan aiki, da ainihin ƙa'idodin kayan aiki na zamani, ya koyi kansa.

Ya fito daga irin wannan gidan talaka ne, wanda tun yana dan shekara 12 bai iya karatu ko rubutu ba, kuma da ya zo shiga malaminsa na farko, dan wasan violin, sai suka yi masa sadaka, a zatonsa marowaci ne. Lokacin da ya girma, ya balaga a matsayin mai fasaha, Goldmark ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da ake girmamawa a Turai.

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, yaron ya koma Vienna, zuwa ga babban ɗan'uwansa Joseph Goldmark, wanda ya kasance dalibin likita. A Vienna, ya ci gaba da buga violin, amma ɗan'uwansa bai yarda cewa mai kyau violin zai fito daga Goldmark ba, kuma ya nace cewa yaron ya shiga makarantar fasaha. Yaron yana da biyayya, amma kuma yana da taurin kai. Yana shiga makarantar, lokaci guda yayi exams a conservatory.

Bayan wani lokaci, duk da haka, an tilasta Goldmark ya katse karatunsa. An yi juyin juya hali a Vienna. Josef Goldmark, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin shugabannin matasan juyin juya hali, dole ne ya gudu - gendarmes na mulkin mallaka suna nemansa. Wani matashin dalibi mai kula da ra'ayin mazan jiya, Karoly Goldmark, ya je Sopron kuma ya shiga cikin fadace-fadacen da ke gefen 'yan tawayen Hungarian. A cikin Oktoba 1849, matashin mawaƙin ya zama ɗan wasan violin a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar Sopron Theater Company na Cottown.

A lokacin rani na 1850, Goldmark ya sami gayyatar zuwa Buda. A nan yana wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa da ke yin wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren wasanni da kuma a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Buda Castle. Abokan aikinsa kamfani ne na bazuwar, amma duk da haka yana amfana da su. Suna gabatar da shi ga kiɗan opera na wancan zamanin - zuwa kiɗan Donizetti, Rossini, Verdi, Meyerbeer, Aubert. Goldmark har ma yana hayar piano kuma a ƙarshe ya cika tsohon mafarkinsa: ya koyi buga piano, kuma tare da irin wannan nasara mai ban mamaki wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya fara ba da darussa da kansa kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai wasan piano a bukukuwa.

A cikin Fabrairu 1852 mun sami Goldmark a Vienna, inda yake wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar wasan kwaikwayo. “Abokinsa” mai aminci – bukata – baya barinsa a nan ma.

Yana da kimanin shekaru 30 a duniya a lokacin da kuma ya yi wasa a matsayin mawaki.

A cikin 60s, babbar jaridar kiɗa, Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, ta riga ta rubuta game da Goldmark a matsayin fitaccen mawaki. A sakamakon nasara ya zo mafi haske, mafi yawan kwanakin rashin kulawa. Da'irar abokansa sun haɗa da fitaccen ɗan wasan pian na Rasha Anton Rubinstein, mawaƙiyi Cornelius, marubucin The Barber of Baghdad, amma sama da duka, Franz Liszt, wanda, tare da kwarin gwiwa, ya sami babban hazaka a Goldmark. A wannan lokacin, ya rubuta ayyukan da suka sami nasara a duk duniya: "Waƙar bazara" (na solo viola, mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa), "Bikin Bikin Ƙasa" (symbony na manyan makaɗa) da kuma "Sakuntala" da aka yi a watan Mayu 1865.

Yayin da "Sakuntala" ke girbi babbar nasara, mawaki ya fara aiki akan maki "Sarauniyar Sheba".

Bayan shekaru masu yawa na tsanani, aiki mai wuyar gaske, wasan opera ya shirya. Duk da haka, sukar wasan kwaikwayo bai yi la'akari da karuwar shaharar mahaliccin "Sakuntala". Ƙarƙashin mafi ƙasƙanci mara tushe, an ƙi opera akai-akai. Kuma Goldmark, ya ci nasara, ya ja da baya. Ya boye maki na Sarauniyar Sheba a cikin aljihun tebur a kan teburinsa.

Daga baya, Liszt ya zo don taimakonsa, kuma a cikin ɗaya daga cikin kide-kide nasa ya yi tafiya daga Sarauniyar Sheba.

“Tafi,” in ji marubucin da kansa, “ya ​​kasance babbar nasara, mai cike da hadari. Franz Liszt a bainar jama'a, don kowa ya ji, ya taya ni murna…”

Ko a yanzu, duk da haka, clique bai daina gwagwarmaya da Goldmark ba. Babban ubangidan kida a Vienna, Hanslick, ya yi magana da wasan opera da bugun alkalami: “Aikin bai dace da matakin ba. Iyakar abin da har yanzu sauti ko ta yaya shi ne tafiya. Kuma yanzu an gama…”

Sai da Franz Liszt ya yi taka-tsan-tsan don karya juriyar shugabannin Opera na Vienna. A ƙarshe, bayan dogon gwagwarmaya, Sarauniyar Sheba ta kasance a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1875 a kan mataki na Opera Vienna.

Bayan shekara guda, an kuma shirya wasan opera a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Hungary, inda Sandor Erkel ya gudanar da shi.

Bayan nasara a Vienna da kwaro, Sarauniyar Sheba ta shiga cikin repertoire na gidajen opera a Turai. An ambaci sunan Goldmark tare da sunayen manyan mawakan opera.

Balashsha, Gal