Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

Giordano, kamar yawancin mutanen zamaninsa, ya kasance a cikin tarihi marubucin opera ɗaya, kodayake ya rubuta fiye da goma. Hazaka na Puccini ya lullube iyawar sa. Gadon Giordano ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban. Daga cikin wasan operas dinsa akwai operas na zahiri, cike da sha'awar dabi'a, kamar Mascagni's Rural Honor da Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Har ila yau, akwai wa]anda ke da ban mamaki, masu kama da wasan operas na Puccini – tare da zurfafa da zurfafa tunani, galibi dangane da makircin tarihi da marubutan Faransa suka sarrafa. A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Giordano kuma ya juya zuwa nau'ikan ban dariya.

An haifi Umberto Giordano a ranar 28 (bisa ga wasu kafofin 27) Agusta 1867 a cikin karamin garin Foggia a lardin Apulia. Yana shirin zama likita, amma yana ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu mahaifinsa ya aika da shi zuwa Naples Conservatory na San Pietro Maiella, inda mafi kyawun malami a lokacin, Paolo Serrao, ya koyar. Baya ga abun da ke ciki, Giordano yayi karatun piano, organ da violin. A lokacin karatunsa, ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo, overture da wasan opera guda ɗaya Marina, wanda ya ƙaddamar da gasar da aka sanar a cikin 1888 ta mawallafin Roman Edoardo Sonzogno. Mascagni's Rural Honor ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko, wanda samar da shi ya buɗe sabon lokaci - tabbatacce - a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci. "Marina" ba a ba shi kyauta ba, ba a taba shirya shi ba, amma Giordano, mafi ƙanƙanta na mahalarta gasar, ya jawo hankalin juri, wanda ya tabbatar da Sonzogno cewa marubucin mai shekaru ashirin da daya zai yi nisa. Mawallafin ya fara sauraron ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da Giordano lokacin da gidan wallafe-wallafen Ricordi da ke gasa da Sonzogno ya buga piano Idyll, kuma string quartet ya yi sauti mai kyau ga manema labarai a Naples Conservatory. Sonzogno ya gayyaci Giordano, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a wannan shekara daga makarantar Conservatory, zuwa Roma, wanda ya buga masa Marina, kuma mawallafin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sabuwar opera. Shi da kansa ya zaɓi libretto bisa ga wasan kwaikwayon "The Vow" na shahararren marubucin Neapolitan na zamani di Giacomo, wanda ke nuna al'amuran daga rayuwar Neapolitan kasa. Samfurin na opera, wanda ake kira The Lost Life, shine The Rural Honor, kuma samarwa ya faru a Roma a cikin 1892, a rana ɗaya da Pagliacci. Sa'an nan The Lost Life ya ga hasken haske a wajen Italiya, a Vienna, inda aka yi nasara sosai, kuma bayan shekaru biyar bugu na biyu ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken The Vow.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga ɗakin karatu tare da lambar yabo ta farko, Giordano ya zama malaminsa kuma a cikin 1893 ya shirya wasan opera na uku, Regina Diaz, a Naples. Sai ya zama ya sha bamban da na baya, kodayake mawallafin Rural Honor sun yi aiki a matsayin masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Sun sake yin tsohuwar libretto zuwa wani shiri na tarihi, wanda Donizetti ya rubuta opera na soyayya mai suna Maria di Rogan rabin karni da suka gabata. "Regina Diaz" bai sami amincewar Sonzogno ba: ya bayyana mawallafin marubucin kuma ya hana shi tallafin kayan aiki. Mawaƙin har ma ya yanke shawarar canza sana'arsa - don zama mawaƙin soja ko malamin shinge (yana da kyau da takobi).

Komai ya canza lokacin da abokin Giordano, mawaki A. Franchetti, ya ba shi libretto "Andre Chenier", wanda ya zaburar da Giordano don ƙirƙirar wasan opera mafi kyau, wanda aka yi a La Scala a Milan a 1896. Bayan shekaru biyu da rabi, Fedora ya fara a Naples. . Nasarar ta ya ba Giordano damar gina gida kusa da Baveno, mai suna "Villa Fyodor", inda aka rubuta operas na gaba. Daga cikin su akwai wani a kan Rasha mãkirci - "Siberia" (1903). A ciki, mawakin ya sake juya zuwa verismo, yana zana wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya da kishi tare da zubar da jini a cikin bautar hukunci na Siberiya. The Month of Mariano (1910) ya ci gaba da wannan layin, kuma bisa ga wasan na di Giacomo. Wani juyi ya faru a tsakiyar 1910s: Giordano ya juya zuwa nau'in wasan kwaikwayo kuma a cikin shekaru goma (1915-1924) ya rubuta Madame Saint-Gene, Jupiter a Pompeii (tare da haɗin gwiwar A. Franchetti) da Dinner of Jokes. “. Wasan opera dinsa na karshe shine The King (1929). A wannan shekarar, Giordano ya zama memba na Academy of Italiya. A cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, bai rubuta wani abu ba.

Giordano ya mutu ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1948 a Milan.

A. Koenigsberg

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo (12). . Franchetti, 1894, Rome), Dinner of Jokes (La cena della beffe, bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na S. Benelli, 1896, La Scala Theater, Milan), The King (Il Re, 1898, ibid); rawa – “Tauraron Sihiri” (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, ba a shirya ba); don makada - Piedigrotta, Yabo zuwa Shekaru goma (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, ba a buga ba); piano guda; soyayya; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, da sauransu.