Alexander Alexandrovich Davidenko |
Alexander Davidenko
A cikin fasahar Davidenko babu cikakkun bayanai da aka rubuta, kamar yadda babu hotunan mutane da haruffa, ko bayyana abubuwan da suka shafi sirrin sirri; Babban abu a ciki shi ne wani abu dabam - siffar talakawa, burinsu, tashin hankali, sha'awa ... D. Shostakovich
A cikin 20-30s. Daga cikin mawakan Soviet, A. Davidenko, mai yada waƙar jama'a, da ƙwararren shugabar mawaƙa, kuma fitaccen ɗan adam, ya yi fice. Ya kasance wani mawaki na wani sabon nau'i, bauta masa art aka inextricably nasaba da aiki da kuma m ilimi aiki a tsakanin ma'aikata, gama kai manoma, Red Army da kuma Red Navy maza. Sadarwa tare da talakawa wata muhimmiyar bukata ce da kuma yanayin da ya dace don wanzuwarsa a matsayin mai zane. Wani mutum mai haske mai ban mamaki kuma a lokaci guda mummunan makoma, Davidenko ya rayu a ɗan gajeren rayuwa, ba tare da lokaci ba don gane duk shirye-shiryensa. An haife shi a cikin dangin wani ma'aikacin telegraph, yana da shekaru takwas ya kasance maraya (daga baya tunaninsa ya yi masa rauni cewa zai raba makomar iyayensa da suka mutu yana karami), tun yana dan shekara 15 ya fara. rayuwa mai zaman kanta, samun darussa. A cikin 1917, ya, a cikin kalmominsa, "ya ba da ra'ayi" daga makarantar ilimin tauhidi, inda mahaifinsa ya aiko shi da kuma inda ya kasance mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin batutuwa na asali, wanda kawai darussan kiɗa ke ɗauka.
A cikin 1917-19. Davidenko karatu a Odessa Conservatory, a 1919-21 ya yi aiki a cikin Red Army, sa'an nan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsari a kan Railway. Wani muhimmin al'amari a rayuwarsa shi ne shigarsa a 1922 zuwa Moscow Conservatory a cikin aji na R. Gliere da kuma Choir Academy, inda ya yi karatu tare da A. Kastalsky. Hanyar kirkire-kirkire ta Davidenko ba ta yi daidai ba. Soyayyarsa na farko, ƙananan waƙoƙin kiɗa da piano suna da alamar wani duhun yanayi. Suna da tarihin tarihin rayuwa kuma babu shakka suna da alaƙa da abubuwan wahala na ƙuruciya da samartaka. Juyin juyayi ya zo ne a cikin bazara na 1925, lokacin da aka sanar da gasa a ɗakin ajiya don mafi kyawun "abin da ke tattare da juyin juya halin kiɗa" wanda aka keɓe don ƙwaƙwalwar VI Lenin. Game da 10 matasa composers dauki bangare a gasar, wanda sa'an nan ya kafa core na "Production tawagar dalibai composers na Moscow Conservatory" (Prokoll), halitta a kan himma na Davidenko. Prokoll bai daɗe ba (1925-29), amma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakar haɓakar mawaƙa na matasa, ciki har da A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Koval, I. Dzerzhinsky, V. Bely. Babban ka'idar haɗin gwiwar shine sha'awar ƙirƙirar ayyuka game da rayuwar mutanen Soviet. A lokaci guda, an mai da hankali sosai ga waƙar jama'a. A wannan lokacin, wannan kalma, tare da manufar "waƙar jama'a", yana nufin wasan kwaikwayo na murya mai yawa.
A cikin waƙoƙinsa, Davidenko ya yi amfani da hotuna da fasahohin kiɗa na waƙoƙin jama'a, da kuma ka'idodin rubutun polyphonic. Wannan ya riga ya bayyana a cikin mawaƙin farko na mawaƙa Budyonny's Doki (Art. N. Aseev), The Sea Moaned Furiously (Folk Art), da Barge Haulers (Art. N. Nekrasov). A 1926, Davidenko aiwatar da ra'ayinsa na "dimokiradiyya na sonata da fugue siffofin" a cikin choral sonata "Aiki May", da kuma a 1927 ya halitta wani gagarumin aiki "The Street ne damu", wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Procall ta gama aiki aiki. Oratorio "Hanya ta Oktoba". Wannan hoto ne mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na zanga-zangar ma'aikata da sojoji a watan Fabrairun 1917. Siffar fugue a nan tana da cikakken tsarin zane-zane, an tsara shi don bayyana abubuwan da aka tsara na titin juyin juya hali masu yawa.
Duk kiɗan yana cike da launi na jama'a - ma'aikata, waƙoƙin sojoji, walƙiya ditties, maye gurbin juna, hade tare da babban jigo, tsara shi.
Na biyu mafi girma na Davidenko aiki shi ne mawaƙa "A na goma verst", sadaukar da wadanda aka azabtar da juyin juya halin 1905. An kuma yi nufin oratorio "Hanyar Oktoba". Wadannan ayyuka guda biyu sun kammala ayyukan Davidenko a matsayin mai tsara Procall.
A nan gaba Davidenko ne yafi tsunduma a cikin m da ilimi aiki. Yakan zagaya kasar kuma yana shirya gungun mawaka a ko’ina, ya rubuta musu wakoki, yana tattara kayan aikinsa. Sakamakon wannan aikin shine "Rundunar Doki na Farko, Waƙar Game da Kwamandan Jama'a, Waƙar game da Stepan Razin", shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin fursunonin siyasa. Waƙoƙin "Sun so su doke mu, suna so su doke mu" (Art. D. Poor) da "Vintovochka" (Art. N. Aseev) sun kasance masu shahara musamman. A 1930 Davidenko ya fara aiki a kan opera "1919", amma wannan aiki a matsayin duka ya zama m. Mawaƙin mawaƙa ne kawai "Tashi na keken keke" aka bambanta da kyakkyawan tunanin fasaha.
Shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa Davidenko yayi aiki da fushi. Dawowa daga tafiya zuwa yankin Chechen, ya haifar da mafi kyawun "Chechen Suite" don ƙungiyar mawaƙa cappella, yana aiki a kan babban murya da aikin jin daɗi "Red Square", yana taka rawa a cikin aikin kiɗa da ilimi. Mutuwa tana jira Davidenko a zahiri a wurin fama. Ya rasu a ranar 1 ga Mayu bayan zanga-zangar ranar Mayu a shekara ta 1934. Waƙarsa ta ƙarshe mai suna “May Day Sun” (art. A. Zharova) an ba shi lambar yabo a gasar Hukumar Ilimi ta Jama’a. Jana'izar Davidenko ya zama wani sabon abu ga irin wannan al'ada concert na taro song - wani iko mawaka na dalibai na Conservatory da mai son wasan kwaikwayo yi mafi kyau songs na mawaki, don haka ba da haraji ga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ban mamaki mawaki - mai goyon baya na Tarayyar Soviet. waka.
O. Kuznetsova
