Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. "Vestal". "Ya ku nume tutelar" (Maria Callas)

An haifi Gaspare Spontini a Maiolati, Ancona. Ya yi karatu a Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory a Naples. Daga cikin malamansa akwai N. Piccinni. A shekara ta 1796, an fara fara wasan opera na farko na mawaki, The Caprice of a Woman, a Roma. Daga baya, Spontini ya ƙirƙira kusan operas 20. Ya rayu mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Faransa (1803-1820 da kuma bayan 1842) da Jamus (1820-1842).

A lokacin Faransanci (babban) lokacin rayuwarsa da aikinsa, ya rubuta manyan ayyukansa: operas Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) da Olympia (1819). An bambanta salon mawaƙin ta hanyar pomposity, pathos da sikelin, waɗanda suka yi daidai da ruhun Napoleon Faransa, inda ya sami babban nasara (har ma ya kasance mawaƙin kotu na Empress na ɗan lokaci). Ayyukan Spontini yana da siffofi na sauyawa daga al'adun Gluck na karni na 18 zuwa "babban" opera na Faransa na karni na 19 (a cikin mafi kyawun wakilansa Aubert, Meyerbeer). Wagner, Berlioz da sauran manyan masu fasaha na karni na 19 sun yaba da fasahar Spontini.

A Vestal, mafi kyawun aikinsa, mawaƙin ya sami damar yin magana mai girma ba kawai a cikin al'amuran taron jama'a da ke cike da gagarumin maci da jarumtaka ba, har ma a cikin al'amuran waƙoƙin zuci. Ya yi nasara musamman a cikin babban rawar Julia (ko Julia). Girman "Vestal" da sauri ya ketare iyakokin Faransa. A 1811 an yi shi a Berlin. A cikin wannan shekarar, an gudanar da wasan farko a Naples a Italiyanci tare da babban nasara (tauraruwar Isabella Colbran). A 1814, Rasha farko ya faru a St. Petersburg (a cikin babban rawa, Elizaveta Sandunova). A cikin karni na 20, Rosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) da sauransu sun haskaka a cikin rawar Julia. Yulia's arias na 2nd act na da masterpieces na opera litattafan "Tu che invoco" da "O Nume tutelar" (Italiyanci version).

A cikin 1820-1842 Spontini ya zauna a Berlin, inda ya kasance mawaƙin kotu kuma babban mai gudanarwa na Royal Opera. A wannan lokacin, aikin mawaƙi ya ƙi. Bai sake yin nasarar ƙirƙirar wani abu daidai da mafi kyawun ayyukansa na lokacin Faransa ba.

E. Tsodokov

Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona - 24 I 1851, ibid) - Italiyanci mawaki. Memba na Prussian (1833) da Parisian (1839) makarantun fasaha. Ya fito daga manoma. Ya sami ilimin kiɗa na farko a Jesi, ya yi karatu tare da organists J. Menghini da V. Chuffalotti. Ya yi karatu a Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory a Naples tare da N. Sala da J. Tritto; daga baya, na ɗan lokaci, ya ɗauki darasi daga N. Piccinni.

Ya fara halarta a karon a cikin 1796 tare da wasan opera mai ban dariya The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theater, Rome). Ƙirƙirar operas da yawa (buffa da seria) don Roma, Naples, Florence, Venice. Jagoran ɗakin sujada na kotun Neapolitan, a cikin 1798-99 ya kasance a Palermo. Dangane da shirye-shiryen wasan opera dinsa, ya kuma ziyarci wasu garuruwa a Italiya.

A 1803-20 ya zauna a Paris. Daga 1805 ya kasance "gidan mawaki na Empress", daga 1810 darektan "Theater of the Empress", daga baya - kotu mawaki Louis XVIII (ba da Order of the Legion of Honor). A cikin Paris, ya ƙirƙira kuma ya shirya wasan operas da yawa, gami da The Vestal Virgin (1805; Best Opera of the Decade Award, 1810), wanda a ciki suka sami bayyana yanayin salon daular akan wasan opera. Na ban mamaki, mai tausayi-jarumta, cike da tafiye-tafiye na ban mamaki, wasan kwaikwayo na Spontini ya dace da ruhun daular Faransa. Daga shekara ta 1820 ya kasance mawaki na kotu kuma babban darektan kiɗa a Berlin, inda ya shirya wasu sabbin operas.

A cikin 1842, saboda rikici tare da jama'a na opera (Spontini bai fahimci sabon yanayin kasa a cikin opera na Jamus ba, wanda aikin KM Weber ke wakilta), Spontini ya bar Paris. A karshen rayuwarsa ya koma kasarsa. Rubuce-rubucen Spontini, waɗanda aka kirkira bayan zamansa a Paris, sun shaida wani rauni na tunaninsa na kirkire-kirkire: ya maimaita kansa, bai sami ainihin ra'ayi ba. Da farko dai, wasan opera "Bestalka", wanda ya share fagen babban wasan opera na Faransa na karni na 19, yana da darajar tarihi. Spontini yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan aikin J. Meyerbeer.

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo (kimanin maki 20 an kiyaye su), gami da. Gane da Theseus (1898, Florence), Julia, ko Flower Pot (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, ko Cin nasara na Mexico (1809) , Ibid; 2nd ed. 1817), Olympia (1819, Kotun Opera House, Berlin; 2nd ed. 1821, ibid.), Alcidor (1825, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (1829, ibid.); cantatas, talakawa kuma mafi

TH Solovieva