Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |

Alexander Alyabyev

… Komai na asali ya fi kusa da zuciya. Zuciya tana da rai To, raira waƙa tare, da kyau, fara: Daren dare, na dare! V. Domontovych

Wannan baiwar ta kasance mai sha'awar sha'awar tunani ta ruhaniya da yarda da bukatun zukatan mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi daidai da waƙoƙin Alyabyev… bukatun zuciyoyin mutanen zamaninsa… B. Asafiev

Akwai mawaƙa waɗanda suka sami shahara da rashin mutuwa albarkacin aiki ɗaya. Irin wannan shi ne A. Alyabyev - marubucin sanannen soyayya "The Nightingale" zuwa ayoyin A. Delvig. Ana rera wannan soyayyar a duk faɗin duniya, an sadaukar da wakoki da labarai da ita, tana wanzuwa a cikin gyare-gyaren wasan kwaikwayo na M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, kuma adadin rubuce-rubucen da ba su da suna ba shi da iyaka. Duk da haka, ban da Nightingale Alyabyev ya bar babban gado: 6 operas, ballet, vaudeville, music for wasanni, a symphony, overtures, qagaggun na tagulla band, da yawa choral, jam'iyya instrumental ayyukan, fiye da 180 romances, shirye-shirye na waƙoƙin jama'a. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan da aka tsara an yi su ne a lokacin rayuwar mawaƙa, sun sami nasara, kodayake an buga kaɗan - romances, nau'ikan piano da yawa, melodrama " Fursunonin Caucasus "A. Pushkin.

Sakamakon Alyabyev yana da ban mamaki. Shekaru da yawa an yanke shi daga rayuwar kiɗa na manyan biranen, ya rayu kuma ya mutu a ƙarƙashin karkiyar kabari, zarge-zargen rashin adalci na kisan kai, wanda ya karya rayuwarsa a bakin kofa na ranar haihuwarsa arba'in, ya raba tarihin rayuwarsa zuwa lokuta biyu masu bambanta. . Na farko yayi kyau. Yara shekaru da aka kashe a Tobolsk, wanda gwamnan shi ne mahaifin Alyabyev, wani haske, m mutum, mai girma son music. A 1796, iyalin sun koma St. A lokaci guda kuma, karatun kiɗa mai tsanani ya fara tare da I. Miller, "sanannen dan wasa mai mahimmanci" (M. Glinka), wanda yawancin mawakan Rasha da na kasashen waje suka yi nazarin abun da ke ciki. Tun 14, Alyabyev yana zaune a Moscow, kuma a nan a cikin 1804s. An buga abubuwan da ya fara rubutawa - romances, piano guda, an rubuta Quartet na Farko (wanda aka fara bugawa a 1810). Waɗannan abubuwan ƙila su ne farkon misalan kayan kida da kiɗe-kaɗe na ɗakin ɗakin Rasha. A cikin romantic rai na matasa mawaki, m shayari na V. Zhukovsky samu wani musamman amsa sa'an nan, daga baya ya ba da hanya zuwa ga wakokin Pushkin, Delvig, Decembrist mawaƙa, da kuma a karshen rayuwarsa - N. Ogarev.

Yaƙin Patriotic na 1812 ya mayar da abubuwan kiɗan zuwa bango. Alyabyev ya ba da gudummawa ga sojojin, ya yi yaƙi tare da almara Denis Davydov, ya ji rauni, bayar da umarni biyu da lambar yabo. Haƙiƙa na ƙwaƙƙwaran aikin soja ya buɗe a gabansa, amma, bai ji marmarin hakan ba, Alyabyev ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1823. Ya rayu a madadin Moscow da St. A cikin gidan marubucin wasan kwaikwayo A. Shakhovsky, ya sadu da N. Vsevolozhsky, wanda ya tsara al'ummar adabi na Green Lamp; tare da I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. A Moscow, a maraice tare da A. Griboyedov, ya buga kiɗa tare da A. Verstovsky, 'yan'uwan Vielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Alyabyev ya halarci kide kide da wake-wake a matsayin pianist da kuma singer (kyakkyawan tenor), hada da yawa da kuma samun karin iko tsakanin mawaƙa da kuma music masoya. A cikin 20s. Vaudevilles na M. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev tare da kiɗa na Alyabyev ya bayyana a kan matakan Moscow da St. Petersburg gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma a cikin 1823 a St. tare da babban nasara (libre. P. Mukhanov da P. Arapova). ... Wasan operas na Alyabyev ba su da muni fiye da wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya na Faransa, - Odoevsky ya rubuta a cikin ɗayan labarinsa.

Ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1825, bala'i ya faru: a lokacin wasan katin a gidan Alyabyev, akwai babban rikici, daya daga cikin mahalarta ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani. A wata hanya mai ban mamaki, an zarge Alyabyev don wannan mutuwar kuma, bayan shari'ar shekaru uku, an kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Siberiya. Yawo na dogon lokaci ya fara: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna…

Za a ɗauke ku, An kulle kejin sosai Oh, sorry, nightingale namu, Ƙarfafa dare... Delvig ne ya rubuta

“...Kada ku yi rayuwa yadda kuke so, amma kamar yadda Allah ya umarta; Babu wanda ya taɓa gogewa kamar ni, mai zunubi… ”Yar’uwar Ekaterina kaɗai, wacce ta bi ɗan’uwanta da son rai zuwa gudun hijira, kuma waƙar da ta fi so ta tsira daga yanke ƙauna. A gudun hijira Alyabyev shirya mawaka da kuma yi a cikin kide-kide. Yana motsawa daga wannan wuri zuwa wani, ya rubuta waƙoƙin mutanen Rasha - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyzs, Turkmen, Tatar, ya yi amfani da waƙoƙin su da abubuwan da suka dace a cikin soyayya. Tare da Ukrainian tarihi da kuma almara M. Maksimovich Alyabiev harhada tarin "Voices na Ukrainian Songs" (1834) da kuma kullum hada. Ya rubuta kida har ma a kurkuku: yayin da ake bincike, ya kirkiro daya daga cikin mafi kyawun sa'o'i - na uku, tare da bambance-bambance a kan jigon Nightingale a cikin jinkirin sashi, da kuma Magic Drum ballet, wanda bai bar matakan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ba. shekaru masu yawa.

A cikin shekaru da yawa, autobiographical fasali bayyana a fili a cikin aikin Alyabyev. Manufofin wahala da tausayi, kadaici, rashin gida, sha'awar 'yanci - waɗannan su ne halayen da'irar hotuna na lokacin gudun hijira (romances "Irtysh" a kan St. I. Vetter - 1828, "Maraice Karrarawa", a kan st. I. Kozlov (daga T. Mura) - 1828, "Winter Road" a tashar Pushkin - 1831). An haifar da rudani mai ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗari da wani tsohon masoyi E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Hotonta ya zaburar da mawaƙin don ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun waƙoƙin waƙar "Ina son ku" a St. Pushkin. A 1840, bayan ya zama gwauruwa, Ofrosimova ta zama matar Alyabyev. A cikin 40s. Alyabyev ya zama kusa da N. Ogarev. A cikin romances da aka yi a kan wakokinsa - "The Tavern", "Hut", "The Village Watchman" - jigon rashin daidaituwa na zamantakewa ya fara sauti, yana tsammanin binciken A. Dargomyzhsky da M. Mussorgsky. Har ila yau, halin tawaye yana da halayyar makircin wasan kwaikwayo na karshe na Alyabyev: "The Tempest" na W. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" na A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin da Oscar" na tsohuwar almara na Celtic. Don haka, ko da yake, a cewar I. Aksakov, "lokacin rani, rashin lafiya da rashin sa'a sun kwantar da shi," ruhun tawaye na zamanin Decembrist bai shuɗe ba a cikin ayyukan mawaƙa har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa.

O. Averyanova