Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Rikici da sabon abu shine makomar A. Mosolov a matsayin mawaƙa, mai zane mai haske da asali, wanda sha'awar ta kasance mai girma kuma kwanan nan. Mafi ban mamaki stylistic modulations ya faru a cikin aikinsa, wanda ya nuna metamorphoses da ya faru a matakai daban-daban a cikin ci gaban Soviet music. Shekaru ɗaya da karni, da ƙarfin hali ya fashe cikin fasaha a cikin 20s. kuma a zahiri ya dace da “yanayin” na wannan zamani, tare da duk abin da yake sha’awa da kuzarin da ba ya gajiyawa, yana tattare da ruhinsa na tawaye, buɗe ido ga sabbin abubuwa. Domin Mosolov 20s. ya zama wani nau'in lokaci na "guguwa da damuwa". A wannan lokacin, an riga an bayyana matsayinsa a rayuwa.

Sakamakon Mosolov, wanda a cikin 1903 ya koma tare da iyayensa daga Kyiv zuwa Moscow, an danganta shi da abubuwan juyin juya hali. Tare da maraba da nasarar babban juyin juya halin Oktoba, a shekara ta 1918 ya ba da gudummawar sa kai na gaba; a cikin 1920 - an lalata shi saboda girgiza harsashi. Kuma kawai, a cikin kowane hali, a 1921, bayan shiga Moscow Conservatory, Mosolov ya fara shirya kiɗa. Ya yi karatu a cikin abun da ke ciki, jituwa da kuma counterpoint tare da R. Glier, sa'an nan kuma canjawa wuri zuwa ajin N. Myaskovsky, daga wanda ya sauke karatu daga Conservatory a 1925. A lokaci guda, ya yi nazarin piano tare da G. Prokofiev, kuma daga baya tare da K. Igumnov. Ƙarfafa haɓakar haɓakar Mosolov yana da ban mamaki: a tsakiyar 20s. ya zama marubucin ayyuka masu yawa waɗanda aka haɓaka salonsa. N. Myaskovsky ya rubuta wa Mosolov a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 1927: "Kun kasance irin wannan mai ban mamaki, yana fitowa daga gare ku, kamar dai daga cornucopia." ka rubuta wani abu kadan. Wannan, abokina, shine "Universal" "(gidan bugu na Universal Edition a Vienna. - NA)," kuma za ta yi kuka daga irin wannan adadin "! Daga 10 zuwa 5, Mosolov ya halicci kusan 1924 opuses, ciki har da piano sonatas, jam'iyyar vocal k'ada da kayan aiki miniatures, wani symphony, jam'iyyar opera "Jarumi", da piano concerto, music ga ballet "Karfe" (daga abin da sanannen symphonic episode. ya bayyana "Factory").

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya rubuta operetta "Baftisma na Rasha, Symphony Anti-Religious" don masu karatu, mawaƙa da makaɗa, da dai sauransu.

A cikin 20-30s. sha'awar aikin Mosolov a cikin kasarmu da kuma kasashen waje ya fi danganta da "Factory" (1926-28), wanda kashi na polyostinato mai sauti yana haifar da jin daɗin babbar hanyar aiki. Wannan aikin ya fi mayar da gudummawar da cewa Mosolov aka gane ta zamaninsa, yafi a matsayin wakilin m constructivism dangantaka da halayyar trends a cikin ci gaban da Soviet wasan kwaikwayo da kuma m gidan wasan kwaikwayo (tuna da darektan ayyukan Vs. "Metallurgical Shuka" daga opera. "Ice da Karfe" na V. Deshevov - 1925). Duk da haka, Mosolov a wannan lokacin yana neman da kuma samun wasu yadudduka na salon kiɗa na zamani. A cikin 1930, ya rubuta zagayowar zagayowar murya guda biyu masu ban mamaki, masu ɓarna da ke ɗauke da wani nau'in tashin hankali: "Al'amuran Yara Uku" da "Tallayen Jaridu Hudu" ("daga Izvestia na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Duk-Rasha"). Dukansu rubuce-rubucen sun haifar da hayaniya da tawili mara ma'ana. Me yasa Artоyat kawai jaridu sun rubuta kansu, alal misali: “Ni da kaina na je in kashe beraye, beraye. Akwai sake dubawa. Shekaru 25 na aiki." Yana da sauƙi a yi tunanin halin da masu sauraro suka taso cikin ruhin al'adar kiɗa na ɗakin gida! Kasancewa cikin layi tare da yaren kiɗa na zamani tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran rashin daidaituwa, yawo na chromatic, hawan keke duk da haka yana da ci gaba mai ma'ana tare da salon muryar M. Mussorgsky, har zuwa kwatancen kai tsaye tsakanin "Filayen Yara Uku" da "Yara"; "Tallar Jarida" da "Seminarian, Rayk". Wani muhimmin aiki na 20s. - Wasan kide-kide na piano na farko (1926-27), wanda ya nuna farkon sabon ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa na wannan nau'in a cikin kiɗan Soviet.

Zuwa farkon 30s. Lokacin "guguwa da hari" a cikin aikin Mosolov ya ƙare: mawaƙin ya karya ba zato ba tsammani tare da tsohon salon rubutu kuma ya fara "gudu" don sabon, kai tsaye akasin na farko. Canjin salon mawaƙin ya kasance mai tsaurin ra'ayi wanda idan aka kwatanta ayyukansa da aka rubuta kafin farkon shekaru 30 da kuma bayansa, yana da wuya a yarda cewa dukkansu na mawaƙi ɗaya ne. Stylistic modulation ta hanyar aikatawa; wanda ya fara a cikin 30s, ya ƙaddara duk aikin Mosolov na gaba. Menene ya haifar da wannan canji mai kaifi? Wani irin rawar da aka taka ta hanyar zargi mai ban sha'awa daga RAPM, wanda aikinsa ya kasance ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa ga al'amuran fasaha (a 1925 Mosolov ya zama cikakken memba na ASM). Har ila yau, akwai dalilai na haƙiƙa don saurin juyin halittar harshe na mawaƙa: ya dace da fasahar Soviet na 30s. gravitation zuwa ga tsabta da sauƙi.

A cikin 1928-37. Mosolov ya yi nazari sosai kan labarun Asiya ta Tsakiya, yana nazarin shi a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa, da kuma yin la'akari da shahararrun tarin V. Uspensky da V. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). Ya rubuta guda 3 don piano "Daren Turkmen" (1928), Pieces Biyu akan Jigogin Uzbek (1929), wanda a zahiri har yanzu yana nufin lokacin da ya gabata, lokacin tawaye, yana taƙaita shi. Kuma a cikin Concerto na Biyu don Piano da Orchestra (1932) da ƙari a cikin Waƙoƙi Uku don Murya da Makaɗa (30s), an riga an bayyana sabon salo a fili. Late 20s aka alama da kawai gwaninta a cikin aikin Mosolov na samar da wata babbar opera a kan farar hula da kuma zamantakewa jigogi - "Dam" (1929-30), - wanda ya sadaukar ga malaminsa N. Myaskovsky. Libretto na Y. Zadykhin ya dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun tsari tare da lokacin 20-30s: yana magana ne game da gina dam na tashar wutar lantarki a ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka masu nisa na kasar. Taken wasan opera ya kasance kusa da marubucin The Factory. Harshen Orchestra na Plotina yana nuna kusanci ga salon Mosolov's symphonic ayyukan na 20s. An haɗa tsohuwar hanyar magana mai banƙyama a nan tare da ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar hotuna masu kyau a cikin kiɗa waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun jigon zamantakewa. Duk da haka, da embodiment sau da yawa sha wahala daga wasu schematism na mãkirci karo da kuma jarumawa, ga embodiment na Mosolov bai riga ya sami isasshen gwaninta, yayin da a cikin embodiment na mummunan haruffa na tsohon duniya ya sami irin wannan kwarewa.

Abin baƙin ciki shine, an adana ƙananan bayanai game da ayyukan ƙirƙira na Mosolov bayan ƙirƙirar Dam. A karshen shekara ta 1937 an danne shi: an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 8 a sansanin aikin tilastawa, amma a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1938 aka sake shi. A lokacin daga 1939 zuwa karshen 40s. akwai samuwar ƙarshe na sabon salon ƙirƙira na mawaki. A cikin ban mamaki Concerto for garaya da kade-kade (1939), an maye gurbin harshen gargajiya da jigogi na asali na marubucin, wanda aka bambanta da sauƙi na harshen jituwa, waƙa. A farkon 40s. Mosolov's m sha'awa ne directed tare da dama tashoshi, daya daga cikinsu shi ne opera. Ya rubuta operas "Signal" (libre ta O. Litovsky) da "Masquerade" (bayan M. Lermontov). An kammala siginar siginar a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1941. Don haka, wasan opera ya zama ɗaya daga cikin na farko a cikin wannan nau'in (wataƙila ainihin farkon) martani ga abubuwan da suka faru na Babban Yaƙin Patriotic. Sauran muhimman wurare na Mosolov na ayyukan kirkire-kirkire na wadannan shekaru - mawaka da kide-kide na jam'iyya - suna hade da taken kishin kasa. Babban nau'in nau'in kiɗan choral na shekarun yaƙi - waƙar - ana wakilta ta nau'ikan ƙira, daga cikinsu akwai ƙungiyar mawaƙa uku tare da pianoforte zuwa ayoyin Argo (A. Goldenberg), waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin ruhin waƙoƙin jarumtaka na jama'a. musamman ban sha'awa: "Waƙa game da Alexander Nevsky, waƙa game da Kutuzov" da " Song game da Suvorov. Matsayin jagora a cikin tsararrun murya na ɗaki na farkon 40s. kunna nau'ikan ballads da waƙoƙi; Wani nau'i daban-daban shine romance na lyrical kuma, musamman, romance-elegy ("Three elegies on poems by Denis Davydov" - 1944, "Wakoki biyar na A. Blok" - 1946).

A cikin wadannan shekaru, Mosolov sake, bayan dogon hutu, ya juya zuwa ga symphony Genre. Symphony a cikin E Major (1944) ta nuna farkon babban almara na kade-kade 6, wanda aka kirkira a tsawon fiye da shekaru 20. A cikin wannan nau'in, mawaƙin ya ci gaba da layin epic symphonism, wanda ya haɓaka a cikin Rashanci, sannan a cikin kiɗan Soviet na 30s. Wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in, da kuma kusancin da ba a saba gani ba-dangantakar jigogi tsakanin wasan kwaikwayo, suna ba da 'yancin kiran waƙoƙin 6 na almara ko kaɗan a misalta.

A 1949, Mosolov dauki bangare a cikin almara balaguro zuwa Krasnodar Territory, wanda alama farkon wani sabon, "tatsuniya kalaman" a cikin aikinsa. An bayyana ɗakuna don ƙungiyar makaɗa na kayan gargajiya na Rasha (Kubanskaya, da sauransu) sun bayyana. Mawaƙin yayi nazarin tarihin Stavropol. A cikin 60s. Mosolov ya fara rubuta wa mawaƙa na jama'a (ciki har da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Arewacin Rasha, wanda matar mawakin ta jagoranci, Mawaƙin Jama'ar Tarayyar Soviet Y. Meshko). Da sauri ya ƙware salon waƙar arewa, yana shiryawa. Dogon aikin mawaƙa tare da mawaƙa ya ba da gudummawa ga rubuce-rubucen "Folk Oratorio game da GI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) don mawaƙa, mawaƙa, mai karatu da makaɗa (1969-70). A cikin wannan aikin na ƙarshe, Mosolov ya juya zuwa abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasa a Ukraine (wanda ya shiga), yana sadaukar da oratorio don tunawa da kwamandansa. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Mosolov ya yi zane-zane don ƙungiyoyi biyu - na uku Piano Concerto (1971) da na shida (ainihin na takwas) Symphony. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙirƙira ra'ayin opera Me Za a Yi? (bisa ga labari na wannan sunan ta N. Chernyshevsky), wanda ba a ƙaddara ya zama gaskiya ba.

"Na yi farin ciki da cewa a halin yanzu jama'a sun zama masu sha'awar abubuwan kirkirar Mosolov, cewa ana buga abubuwan tunawa game da shi. Ina tsammanin cewa idan duk wannan ya faru a lokacin rayuwar AV Mosolov, to, watakila farfado da hankali ga abubuwan da ya yi zai tsawaita rayuwarsa kuma ya kasance a cikinmu na dogon lokaci, "in ji wani ɗan littafin A. Stogorsky mai ban mamaki. mawaki , wanda Mosolov ya sadaukar da "Elegiac Poem" don cello da orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko