Wadanne nau'ikan kiɗa ne akwai?

Wadanne nau'ikan kiɗa ne akwai? Salon kiɗan kida ra'ayi ne mai ƙarfi da yawa. Ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin haɗin kai na alama, tsarin hanyoyin bayyana abubuwan fasaha da akida ta amfani da harshen kiɗa.

Ma'anar salon kiɗa yana da faɗi sosai wanda ƙayyadaddun sa ke nuna kansa: wannan kalmar ta shafi lokuta daban-daban, nau'ikan, ƙungiyoyi da makarantu, har ma da mawaƙa guda ɗaya har ma da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu gano nau'ikan kiɗan da ke akwai.

Salon zamani

Manufar salon zamani yana mai da hankali kan al'amuran tarihi. Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu suna nuna mafi girman zamanin tarihi a cikin haɓakar kiɗan (Renaissance, Baroque, classicism, modernity, da dai sauransu), yayin da wasu, akasin haka, sun raba tarihin kiɗa zuwa ƙananan lokuttan da aka gano a baya. sauran fasahohin tarihi na fasaha (romanticism, impressionism, modernism, da dai sauransu).

A classic misali na salon zamanin ne Baroque music, da halayyar fasali na abin da suke da sha'awa a cikin ciki duniya na mutum, wasan kwaikwayo, contrasting depiction na sojojin yanayi, da ci gaban opera da instrumental music (C. Monteverdi, A. Vivaldi, GF Handel).

Salon salo

Salon nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda za'a iya rarraba su bisa dalilai daban-daban.

Saboda haka, ra'ayi na salon ya fi dacewa da waɗannan nau'o'in da aka bayyana a fili a fili. Wannan ya haɗa da nau'o'in nau'ikan da suka danganci kiɗan jama'a (waƙoƙin al'ada iri-iri, raye-rayen jama'a), waƙoƙin coci, da na soyayya.

Idan muka dauki ayyukan manya-manya (opera, oratorio, symphony, da dai sauransu), to a nan ma salon salo a ko da yaushe ana iya karanta shi a fili, duk kuwa da cewa salon zamani, motsi da salon marubucin sun dora a kai. .

Amma idan mawaki ya zo da wani sabon nau'i, to, a cikin wannan yanayin siffofi na salon salon suna da wuya a kafa su nan da nan - don wannan, lokaci dole ne ya wuce, yayin da sauran ayyuka a cikin nau'in nau'in za su bayyana. Wannan shi ne yanayin, alal misali, tare da "waƙoƙin da babu kalmomi" Mendelssohn. Yarda, waƙa ce mai ban mamaki ba tare da kalmomi ba, amma bayan samfurori 48 na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wannan nau'in, wasu mawaƙa sun fara kiran wasan kwaikwayon su da suna iri ɗaya.

Salon kiɗa

Salon motsin kiɗa yana da kamanceceniya da yawa da salon zamanin: bayan haka, masana kida suna ɗaukar wasu ƙungiyoyi a matsayin gabaɗayan zamanin kiɗan.

Amma akwai kuma wuraren da zai yiwu a haskaka stylistic nuances da ke musamman a gare su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da makarantar gargajiya ta Viennese (L. van Beethoven, J. Haydn, WA Mozart). Jagorancin na gargajiya yana da sauƙin sauƙi, bayyananniyar magana, wadataccen harshe mai jituwa, da cikakken ci gaban jigon.

Lokacin magana game da nau'ikan kiɗan da ake da su, ba za a iya watsi da halayen ƙasa ba.

Salon kasa

Tushen salon kiɗan ƙasa shine tatsuniya. Manyan mawaƙa da yawa sun sami wahayi ta hanyar waƙoƙin jama'a, suna saka su cikin abubuwan da suka kirkira. Wasu ayyukan har ma suna da sunaye masu dacewa (misali, rhapsodies na Hungarian na F. Liszt, "Hungarian Dances" na J. Brahms, "Waƙoƙin Jama'a da raye-raye na Norwegian don Piano" na E. Grieg, "Aragonese Jota" na MI Glinka). A wasu, al'adun gargajiya sun zama manyan jigogi (misali, "Akwai bishiyar birch a filin" a ƙarshen PI Tchaikovsky's Symphony na huɗu).

Idan muka fuskanci tambayar wane irin salon kida ne, daga mahangar makarantu, mawaƙa da mawaƙa guda ɗaya, za mu iya bambance wasu salon kiɗan da yawa.

Salon ƙungiyar mawaƙa

Idan makarantar abun da ke ciki tana da babban matsayi na gama-gari na fasaha na fasaha, to yana da ma'ana don haskaka salon da ke cikin wannan makaranta.

Za mu iya magana game da styles na polyphonic makarantu na Renaissance, da styles na daban-daban Italian opera makarantu na 17th karni, ko kuma salon kayan aiki na 17th-18th ƙarni.

A cikin kiɗa na Rasha na karni na 19 kuma akwai ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kirkiro - sanannen "Mabuwayi Hannu". Salon gama-gari tsakanin mawaƙan da aka haɗa a cikin wannan rukunin ya bayyana a cikin layi ɗaya na ci gaba, zaɓin batutuwa, da dogaro ga tarihin kiɗan Rasha.

Salon mawaƙin mutum ɗaya

Salon mawaki wani ra’ayi ne da ya fi saukin tantancewa, domin aikin kowane mawaki ya takaita ne ga wani dan kankanin lokaci da wasu abubuwan da suka faru a zamanin waka. Don haka, a zahiri ta hanyar sanduna na farko zaku iya gane, alal misali, kiɗan Mozart ko Rossini.

A zahiri, mawaki, kamar kowane mutum, yana canzawa a tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma hakan yana barin tambarin salon aikinsa. Amma wasu fasaloli masu salo har yanzu sun kasance ba su canzawa, na asali gare shi kawai, kuma sune nau'in "katin kira" na marubucin.

Yin salo

Yin zane-zane yana dogara ne akan salon wasan kwaikwayo na mutum ɗaya na mawaƙin, wanda ke fassara manufar mawaƙi ta hanyarsa. Ana nuna salon wasan kwaikwayon a cikin launi na motsin rai na ayyukan ayyukan wani marubuci.

Misalai masu haske a nan su ne waɗancan mawakan da suka kasance, ban da haka, mawakan kirki. Wannan ya hada da Niccolo Paganini, wanda ya ba wa masu sauraro mamaki da fasaha mara kyau da fasaha na wasan violin, da ƙwararren dan wasan pian Sergei Rachmaninov, jarumin kiɗa na gaskiya, wanda ya ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari na rhythmic.

Ga salon waka daban-daban. Wannan jeri, ba shakka, za a iya ƙarawa da rarrabuwa a kan wasu filaye, tun da al'adun kiɗan duniya suna da girma kuma sun bambanta.