Kalanda na kiɗa - Satumba

A cikin duniyar kiɗa, watan farko na kaka wani nau'i ne na canzawa daga hutawa zuwa sake dawowa da ayyukan kide-kide, tsammanin sabbin abubuwan farko. Har yanzu ana jin numfashin bazara, amma mawaƙa sun riga sun tsara abubuwa don sabon kakar.

Satumba an yi bikin haihuwar mawaƙa masu hazaka da yawa lokaci guda. Waɗannan su ne mawaƙa D. Shostakovich, A. Dvorak, J. Frescobaldi, M. Oginsky, shugaba Yevgeny Svetlanov, violinist David Oistrakh.

Masu yin wakoki masu ban sha'awa

3 Satumba 1803 shekaru a Moscow, a cikin gidan wani mawaƙa na coci, an haifi mawaƙa na serf Alexander Gurilev. Ya shiga tarihin kiɗa a matsayin marubucin soyayya mai daɗi. Yaron ya nuna basirarsa da wuri. Tun yana da shekaru 6, ya yi karatun piano a karkashin jagorancin I. Genishta da D. Field, ya buga viola da violin a cikin makada na Count Orlov, kuma kadan daga baya ya zama memba na quartet na Prince Golitsyn.

Bayan samun freestyle, Gurilev ya fara rayayye tsunduma a cikin concert da kuma hada ayyukan. Soyayyarsa da sauri ta sami karbuwa a tsakanin mazauna birni, kuma da yawa "sun tafi wurin mutane." Daga cikin mafi yawan ƙaunatattun, wanda zai iya suna "Dukkan Ƙaunar da Bakin ciki", "Uwar Kurciya", "The Swallow Curls", da dai sauransu.

8 Satumba 1841 shekaru 2nd Czech classic bayan Smetana ya zo duniya Antonin Dvorak. An haife shi a gidan mahauci, ya yi kokari sosai wajen zama mawaki, sabanin al’adar iyali. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Organ a Prague, mawakin ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin violist a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Czech Republic, sannan a matsayin organist a Cocin Prague na St. Adalbert. Wannan matsayi ya ba shi damar yin la'akari da ayyukan tsarawa. Daga cikin ayyukansa, shahararrun su ne "Slavic Dances", wasan opera "Jacobin", wasan kwaikwayo na 9 "Daga Sabuwar Duniya".

13 Satumba 1583 shekaru a cikin birnin Ferrara, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a cikin karni na XNUMX daya daga cikin cibiyoyin al'adun kiɗa, an haife shi wani fitaccen masanin zamanin Baroque, wanda ya kafa makarantar gabobin Italiya. Girolamo Frescobaldi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙin garaya da organist a majami'u daban-daban, a kotunan manyan mutane. An kawo shaharar Frescobaldi ta canzones 1603 da aka buga a cikin 3 da Littafin Farko na Madrigals. A lokaci guda, mawaƙin ya ɗauki matsayi mai girma a matsayin mai tsara majami'ar St. Peter's Cathedral da ke Roma, inda ya yi hidima har zuwa mutuwarsa. Irin waɗannan masters kamar IS Bach da D. Buxtehude.

25 Satumba 1765 shekaru a garin Guzow kusa da Warsaw aka haifi Mikhail Kleofas Oginsky, wanda daga baya ya zama sanannen mawaki, amma kuma fitaccen dan siyasa. Rayuwarsa ta kasance cikin yanayin soyayya da ban mamaki, ko da a lokacin rayuwarsa akwai tatsuniyoyi game da shi, sau da yawa ya ji labarin mutuwarsa.

An haifi mawakin a cikin babban iyali. Kawun nasa, babban hetman dan kasar Lithuania Mikhail Kazimierz Ogiński, mawaƙi ne mai ƙwazo, yana shirya wasan operas da kayan aiki. Oginsky ya sami basirarsa na farko a cikin kunna piano daga mawaƙin kotu na dangin Osip Kozlovsky, sannan ya inganta ƙwarewarsa a Italiya. Rayayye tsunduma a harkokin siyasa da mawaki shiga Kosciuszko tawaye a 1794, da kuma bayan shan kashi aka tilasta barin mahaifarsa. Daga cikin ayyukansa da suka rayu har yau, polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" ya shahara sosai.

M. Oginsky - Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland"

25 Satumba 1906 shekaru fitaccen mawaki-symphonist, al'ada na karni na XNUMX ya shigo duniya Dmitry Shostakovich. Ya bayyana kansa a yawancin nau'ikan, amma ya ba da fifiko ga wasan kwaikwayo. Rayuwa a cikin mawuyacin lokaci ga Rasha da USSR, ba kawai hukumomi da masu sukar ya yaba masa ba, amma an la'anta shi fiye da sau ɗaya. Amma a cikin aikinsa, koyaushe ya kasance mai aminci ga ƙa'idodinsa, don haka ya ja hankalin zuwa ga wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai 'yanci don bayyana tunani.

Ya halicci kade-kade 15. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne 7th "Leningrad" symphony, wanda ya bayyana sha'awar dukan Soviet mutane kayar da farkisanci. Wani aiki a cikin abin da mawaki ya ƙunshi mafi m rikice-rikice na zamaninmu shi ne opera Katerina Izmailova.

Maestro na sauti

6 Satumba 1928 shekaru An haifi babban jagoran zamaninmu a Moscow Evgeny Svetlanov. Baya ga gudanarwa, an san shi a matsayin ɗan jama'a, masanin ka'idar, pianist, marubucin kasidu da yawa, kasidu, da labarai. Domin mafi yawan rayuwarsa ya yi aiki a matsayin babban madugu kuma shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta USSR ta Symphony.

Svetlanov yana da ƙwarewa na musamman wanda ya ba shi damar ƙirƙirar siffofi masu mahimmanci, yayin da a lokaci guda yana goge cikakkun bayanai. Tushen salon kirkirarsa shine mafi girman farin ciki na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Jagoran ya kasance mai yada farfagandar kida na Rasha da Soviet. A tsawon shekaru, an ba shi lambobin yabo da yawa da kuma lambobin girma. Babban nasarar da maestro ya samu shi ne ƙirƙirar "Anthology na Rasha Symphonic Music"

13 Satumba 1908 shekaru an haifi dan wasan violin a Odessa David Oistrakh. Masana harkar waka suna danganta haɓakar makarantar violin na gida da sunansa. Wasan sa yana da haske mai ban mamaki na fasaha, cikakkiyar tsaftar magana da zurfin bayyana hotuna. Ko da yake littafin Oistrakh ya ƙunshi shahararrun ayyukan violin na ƙwararrun ƙasashen waje, ya kasance mai yada farfagandar ƙwararrun Soviet na nau'in violin. Ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ayyukan violin ta A. Khachaturian, N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky.

Abubuwan da suka bar tarihi a tarihin kiɗa

Tare da bambancin shekaru 6, abubuwan 2 sun faru a watan Satumba wanda ya juya ilimin kiɗa a Rasha. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1862, tare da halartar kai tsaye na Anton Rubinstein, an gudanar da gagarumin bikin bude dakin ajiyar kayayyaki na farko na Rasha a St. Petersburg. NA yi aiki a can na dogon lokaci. Rimsky-Korsakov. Kuma a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1866, Moscow Conservatory aka bude karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Rubinstein, inda PI Chaikovsky.

Ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1791, an gabatar da wasan opera na ƙarshe na babban Mozart, The Magic Flute, ga masu sauraro a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na An der Wien a Vienna. Maestro da kansa ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa. Ko da yake babu cikakken bayani game da nasarar da aka yi na farko, amma an san cewa kiɗan ya ƙaunaci masu sauraro, ana jin waƙa daga opera akai-akai a kan tituna da gidajen Vienna.

DD Shostakovich - Romance daga fim din "The Gadfly"

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova