Valery Alexandrovich Gavrilin |

Valery Gavrilin

“Burina shine in isa ga kowane ruhin ɗan adam da kiɗa na. Ina kullum itching da zafi: za su fahimta? - waɗannan kalmomi na V. Gavrilin suna kama da ƙararrawa na banza: kiɗansa ba kawai fahimta ba ne, ana ƙauna, sananne, nazarin, sha'awar, koyi. Nasarar nasara a duniya na Littafin Rubutunsa na Rasha, Chimes, da Ballet Anyuta shaida ce ta wannan. Kuma asirin wannan nasarar ya ta'allaka ne ba kawai a cikin rare, musamman gwaninta na mawaki, amma kuma a cikin gaskiyar cewa mutanen zamaninmu suna sha'awar daidai irin wannan music - asirce sauki da kuma ban mamaki zurfi. Yana haɗu da ainihin Rashanci da na duniya, gaskiyar zamanin da da kuma batutuwan da suka fi raɗaɗi na zamaninmu, abin dariya da baƙin ciki, da wannan babban ruhin da ke tsarkakewa da kuma saturates rai. Kuma duk da haka - Gavrilin yana da matuƙar baiwa da kyauta mai ban sha'awa, mai ɗaci kuma mai tsarki na mai fasaha na gaske - ikon jin zafin wani a matsayin nasa…

"Basirar Rasha, daga ina kuka fito?" Gavrilin zai iya amsa wannan tambayar E. Yevtushenko da kalaman A. Exupery: “Daga ina nake? Ni daga ƙuruciyata…” Ga Gavrilin, amma ga dubban takwarorinsa - “rauni”, yaƙin makarantar sakandare ne. "Waƙoƙi na farko a rayuwata sune kururuwa da kukan matan da suka karɓi jana'izar daga gaba," zai ce daga baya, ya riga ya girma. Yana da shekaru 2 lokacin da jana'izar ta zo ga danginsu - a watan Agusta XNUMX, mahaifinsa ya mutu a kusa da Leningrad. Sa'an nan kuma an yi shekaru da yawa na yaki da gidan marayu a Vologda, inda yara ke tafiyar da gida da kansu, suka dasa lambu, yankan ciyawa, wanke benaye, suna kula da shanu. Kuma gidan marayu yana da mawaƙa da mawaƙa na jama'a, akwai piano da malamin kiɗa T. Tomashevskaya, wanda ya buɗe yaron zuwa duniyar kiɗa mai kyau da ban mamaki. Kuma wata rana, lokacin da wani malami daga Leningrad Conservatory ya zo Vologda, sun nuna masa wani yaro mai ban mamaki wanda, bai riga ya san bayanin kula da kyau ba, ya tsara kiɗa! Kuma makomar Valery ta canza sosai. Ba da da ewa ba kira ya zo daga Leningrad da wani matashi mai shekaru goma sha huɗu ya tafi don shiga makarantar kiɗa a ɗakin ajiya. An kai shi ajin clarinet, kuma bayan ’yan shekaru, da aka buɗe sashen mawaƙa a makarantar, ya ƙaura zuwa wurin.

Valery yayi nazari da ƙwazo, cikin farin ciki, tare da fyaucewa. Tare da takwarorinsa, daidai damu da Y. Temirkanov, Y. Simonov, ya buga dukan sonatas da symphonies na I. Haydn, L. Beethoven, duk novelties D. Shostakovich da S. Prokofiev, wanda ya gudanar ya samu. yayi ƙoƙarin jin kiɗa a duk inda zai yiwu . Gavrilin ya shiga Leningrad Conservatory a 1958, a cikin aji na O. Evlakhov. Ya tsara abubuwa da yawa, amma a shekara ta 3 kwatsam sai ya koma sashin ilimin kida da wake-wake, ya kuma rungumi al'adun gargajiya da gaske. Ya ci gaba da balaguro, ya rubuta waƙoƙi, ya kalli rayuwa sosai, ya saurari yaren mutanen ƙauyen, wanda ya saba masa tun suna ƙuruciya, ya yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar halayensu, tunaninsu, ji. Aiki ne mai wuyar gaske ba na ji kaɗai ba, amma na zuciya, rai, da hankali. A lokacin ne, a cikin wadannan kauyukan arewa da ke fama da yaki, matalauta, inda kusan babu maza, masu sauraron wakokin mata, cike da bakin ciki da ba za a iya gushewa ba, da kuma mafarkin da ba zai gushewa ba na wata rayuwa mai kyau, da farko Gavrilin ya gane kuma ya tsara wa kansa manufar. da ma'anar kerawa na mawaƙa - don haɗa nasarorin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiɗan kiɗa tare da waɗannan nau'ikan yau da kullun, "ƙananan", waɗanda aka ɓoye taska na waƙar gaskiya da kyakkyawa. A halin yanzu, Gavrilin ya rubuta wani aiki mai ban sha'awa kuma mai zurfi a kan asalin waƙar V. Solovyov-Sedogo, kuma a cikin 1964 ya sauke karatu daga ɗakin karatu a matsayin masanin kiɗa-folklorist a cikin aji na F. Rubtsov. Duk da haka, shi ma bai bar hada kiɗa ba, a cikin shekarunsa na ƙarshe ya rubuta 3 string quartets, the symphonic suite "Cockroach", a vocal cycle on St. V. Shefner, 2 sonatas, comic cantata "Mun yi magana game da fasaha", sake zagayowar murya "Littafin rubutu na Jamus" akan st. G. Heine. An gudanar da wannan zagayowar ne a kungiyar mawaka, inda masu sauraro suka karbe su da kyar, kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama wani bangare na din-din-din na mawakan da dama.

Shostakovich ya zama ya saba da ayyukan Gavrilin kuma ya shawarce shi sosai don shiga makarantar digiri. Bayan ya ci jarrabawar sashen mawaƙa da jarrabawar shiga, Gavrilin ya zama ɗalibin kammala digiri. A matsayin aikin digiri, ya gabatar da sake zagayowar murya "Littafin Rubutun Rasha". Kuma a ƙarshen 1965, a cikin kwanaki goma na fasaha na fasaha na Leningrad a Moscow, an yi wannan aikin a karon farko a wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe kuma ya ba da haske! Matashi, wanda ba a sani ba mawaki ake kira "Yesenin na kida", ya yaba da basirarsa; a 1967 ya sami lambar yabo ta Jiha na RSFSR. MI Glinka, ta zama mafi karancin shekaru a kasar a wannan babbar lambar yabo.

Bayan irin wannan nasara mai nasara da kuma ganewa, yana da matukar wahala ga matashin mawaki don ƙirƙirar aiki na gaba na irin wannan babban darajar fasaha. Shekaru da yawa, Gavrilin, kamar dai, "ya shiga cikin inuwa." Ya rubuta da yawa kuma akai-akai: wannan kiɗa ne don fina-finai, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, ƙananan ɗakunan kiɗa, piano guda. Abokai da manyan abokan aiki suna korafin cewa ba ya rubuta manyan kida kuma gabaɗaya yana yin kaɗan. Kuma yanzu 1972 ya kawo manyan ayyuka guda 3 a lokaci guda: opera The Tale of the Violinist Vanyusha (dangane da kasidun na G. Uspensky), Littafin Rubutun Jamus na biyu a St. G. Heine da waƙar murya-symphonic a st. A. Shulgina "Haruffa Soja". A shekara daga baya, da vocal sake zagayowar "Maraice" ya bayyana tare da subtitle "Daga Old Woman's Album", na uku "Jamus littafin rubutu", sa'an nan da vocal-symphonic sake zagayowar "Duniya" a St. A. Shulgina.

A cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan ayyukan, Gavrilin ya aiwatar da ra'ayinsa na kirkire-kirkire: "Don yin magana da mai sauraro cikin yaren da zai iya fahimtarsa." Ya shawo kan abyss cewa yanzu akwai tsakanin pop music, yau da kullum music da tsanani, ilimi music. A gefe guda, Gavrilin yana ƙirƙirar waƙoƙin pop na irin wannan babban matakin fasaha wanda ɗakin gida har ma da mawaƙa na opera suka yarda da son rai. ("Dawakai suna rawa da dare" wanda I. Bogacheva yayi). Game da waƙar "'Yan'uwa Biyu", babban mashahurin G. Sviridov ya rubuta wa marubucin: "Abu mai ban mamaki! Na ji shi a karo na biyu ina kuka. Abin da kyau, yadda sabo da siffan, yadda halitta shi ne. Abin da ke canzawa mai ban mamaki: a cikin waƙar daga jigo zuwa jigo, daga aya zuwa aya. Aikin gwaninta ne. Ku yarda da ni!” Classics na nau'in sune waƙoƙin "Ƙauna za ta kasance", "Seke mani farar rigar, uwa" daga fim din "A Ranar Biki", mai ban sha'awa "Joke".

A gefe guda, Gavrilin ya kirkiro ayyukan babban nau'i - suites, wakoki, cantatas ta yin amfani da fasaha na kiɗa na zamani. Da yake jawabi ga ayyukansa da farko ga matasa, mawaki ba ya sauƙaƙa nau'ikan "high" na kiɗa na gargajiya, amma ya haifar da sabon salo, wanda masanin kide-kide A. Sohor ya kira "song-symphonic".

Drama wasan kwaikwayo taka wata babbar rawa a cikin m rayuwar Valery Gavrilin. Ya rubuta kida don wasanni 80 a garuruwa daban-daban na kasar. Mawaƙin da kansa yayi la'akari da aikin da kawai hudu daga cikinsu ya zama cikakken nasara: "Bayan aiwatar da kisa na tambaya" a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa na Leningrad, "Kada ku rabu da ƙaunatattun ku" a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Leningrad. Lenin Komsomol, buhunan ciyawa guda uku a cikin ABDT su. M. Gorky, "Stepan Razin" a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. E. Vakhtangov. A karshe aiki aiki a matsayin wani kuzari ga halittar daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyukan Gavrilin - choral symphony-action "Chimes". (a cewar V. Shukshin), ya ba da kyautar Jiha na USSR. "Chimes" an tsara su da nau'i biyu masu kama da juna: "Bikin aure" (1978) da "Makiyayi da Makiyayi" (bisa ga V. Astafiev, 1983) don soloists, mawaƙa da kuma kayan aiki. Dukkan abubuwan da aka tsara 3, da kuma oratorio "Skomorokhi" da aka kammala a 1967 kuma an fara yin su a 1987 (a tashar V. Korostylev), an rubuta su a cikin nau'in Gavrilin ya kirkira. yana aiki. Ya haɗu da fasalulluka na oratori, opera, ballet, symphony, zagayowar murya, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki. Gabaɗaya, wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan kidan Gavrilin a bayyane yake cewa wani lokaci ana yin zagayowar muryarsa a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa ("Maraice", "Haruffa Soja").

Ba zato ba tsammani ga mawaki da kansa shine babban nasarar da ya samu a matsayin mawakin ballet. Darektan A. Belinsky a daban-daban Orchestral da piano guda Gavrilin, rubuta 10-15 shekaru da suka wuce, ya gani, ko kuma wajen ji, wani ballet dangane da mãkirci na A. Chekhov labarin "Anna on the Neck". Gavrilin yayi magana game da wannan ba tare da jin daɗi ba: “Ya zama cewa, ba tare da saninsa ba, na daɗe ina rubuta waƙar ballet, har ma na taimaka wajen nuna hotunan Chekhov a kan mataki. Amma wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Chekhov shine marubucin da na fi so. Rashin lahani, rashin tsaro, rashin tausayi na musamman na halayensa, bala'i na ƙauna mara kyau, tsabta, bakin ciki mai haske, ƙiyayya da lalata - Ina so in nuna duk wannan a cikin kiɗa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na TV "Anyuta" tare da ƙwararren E. Maksimova da V. Vasiliev ya kasance babban nasara mai nasara, ya lashe kyaututtuka na kasa da kasa, kamfanonin talabijin na 114 sun saya a duniya! A shekara ta 1986, an shirya Anyuta a Italiya, a San Carlo Theatre a Neapolitan, sa'an nan kuma a Moscow, a Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet Union, da kuma a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Riga, Kazan, Chelyabinsk.

Ci gaba da haɗin gwiwar m na ban mamaki masters shi ne TV ballet "House by the Road" bisa A. Tvardovsky, mataki na V. Vasiliev. A cikin 1986, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani na Leningrad a ƙarƙashin jagorancin B. Eifman ya nuna ballet Laftanar Romashov bisa labarin A. Kuprin The Duel. A cikin ayyukan biyu, waɗanda suka zama sanannun abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rayuwar kiɗan mu, musamman a fili an bayyana abubuwan ban tausayi na kiɗan Gavrilin. A watan Maris 1989, mawaki ya gama da maki na ballet "Aure na Balzaminov" bayan A. Ostrovsky, wanda ya riga ya sami cinematic cikin jiki a cikin sabon fim na A. Belinsky.

Kowane sabon taro tare da aikin Valery Gavrilin ya zama wani taron a rayuwar al'adunmu. Waƙarsa koyaushe tana kawo alheri da haske, wanda mawaƙin da kansa ya ce: “Akwai haske kuma koyaushe zai kasance a cikin rayuwa. Kuma koyaushe zai zama abin farin ciki don fita cikin fili, don ganin yadda babbar ƙasar Rasha take da kyau! Kuma ko yaya duniya ta canza, akwai kyau, lamiri, da bege a cikinta.”

N. Salnis