Valentin Vasilievich Silvestrov (Valentin Silvestrov) |
Valentin Silvestrov
Ƙwaƙwalwar waƙa ce kawai ke sa waƙar ta kasance har abada…
Da alama a zamaninmu waɗannan kalmomi za su kasance kamar mawallafin waƙa. Amma wani mawaƙi ne ya furta su wanda aka daɗe ana kiran sunansa avant-gardist (a cikin ma’ana), mai ɓarna, mai halakarwa. V. Silvestrov yana hidimar Kiɗa kusan shekaru 30 kuma, wataƙila, yana bin babban mawaƙin, yana iya cewa: “Allah bai ba ni baiwar makanta ba!” (M. Tsvetaeva). Domin dukan tafarkinsa - a cikin rayuwa da kuma a cikin kerawa - yana cikin ci gaba mai tsayi don fahimtar gaskiya. A zahiri mai ban sha'awa, da alama a rufe, har ma da rashin haɗin gwiwa, Sylvestrov a zahiri yana ƙoƙari a ji kuma a fahimce shi a cikin kowane halittarsa. Ji - don neman amsar tambayoyi na har abada na kasancewa, a cikin ƙoƙari na shiga cikin asirin Cosmos (a matsayin mazaunin mutum) da mutum (a matsayin mai ɗaukar Cosmos a cikin kansa).
Hanyar V. Silvestrov a cikin kiɗa yana da nisa daga sauƙi, kuma wani lokacin ban mamaki. Ya fara koyon kiɗa yana ɗan shekara 15. A 1956 ya zama ɗalibi a Cibiyar Injiniya ta Kyiv, kuma a 1958 ya shiga Kyiv Conservatory a aji B. Lyatoshinsky.
Tuni a cikin wadannan shekaru, m Mastering kowane irin styles, composing dabaru, samuwar nasa, wanda daga baya ya zama cikakken recognizable rubutun hannu, fara. Tuni a farkon abubuwan da aka tsara, kusan dukkanin bangarorin mawaƙin Silvestrov an ƙaddara su, wanda aikinsa zai ƙara haɓaka.
Farko wani nau'i ne na neoclassicism, inda babban abu ba shine tsari da salo ba, amma tausayi, fahimtar tsabta, haske, ruhaniya wanda kiɗa na babban baroque, classicism da farkon romanticism yana ɗauka a kanta ("Sonatina", "Classical". Sonata" don piano, daga baya "Kiɗa a cikin tsohon salon ", da dai sauransu). An ba da kulawa sosai a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara na farko ga sababbin hanyoyin fasaha (dodecaphony, aleatoric, pointillism, sonoristics), yin amfani da dabarun wasan kwaikwayon da ba a saba gani ba akan kayan gargajiya, da rikodin hoto na zamani. Alamar ƙasa sun haɗa da Triad don piano (1962), Mystery for alto flute and percussion (1964), Monody for piano and orchestra (1965), Symphony No. 1966 (Eschatophony - 1971), Drama for violin, cello da piano tare da abubuwan da suka faru, gestures. (60). A cikin waɗannan da sauran ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin 70s da farkon 2s ba dabara ce ta ƙare a kanta. Hanya ce kawai don ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ban sha'awa, a sarari. Ba daidai ba ne cewa a cikin mafi yawan aiki na avant-garde daga ra'ayi na fasaha, an kuma nuna mafi kyawun lyricism (a cikin taushi, "raunana", a cikin kalmomin mawallafin kansa, kiɗa ta hanyar sassan XNUMX na serial. Symphony na Farko), kuma an haifi zurfafan ra'ayoyin falsafa waɗanda za su kai ga mafi girman bayyanuwar Ruhu a cikin Symphonies na huɗu da na biyar. Wannan shi ne inda daya daga cikin manyan siffofi na aikin Silvestrov ya taso - tunani.
Farkon sabon salon - "mai sauƙi, melodic" - ana iya kiransa "Meditation" don cello da ɗakin mawaƙa (1972). Daga nan fara tunani akai-akai game da lokaci, game da mutuntaka, game da Cosmos. Su ne ba a cikin kusan duk Silvestrov ta m k'ada (na hudu (1976) da kuma biyar (1982) symphonies, "Surit Songs" (1977), Cantata for mawaka cappella a tashar T. Shevchenko (1976), "Forest Music" a tashar. G. Aigi (1978), "Sauƙaƙan Waƙoƙi" (1981), Waƙoƙi huɗu a tashar O. Mandelstam). Dogon sauraron motsi na lokaci, da hankali ga mafi ƙanƙanta bayanai, wanda, kullum girma, kamar dai fadowa daya a kan wani, haifar da wani macroform, daukan music fiye da sauti, juya shi a cikin guda spatio-lokaci duka. Ƙarshen mara iyaka yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙirƙirar kiɗan "jiran", lokacin da babban tashin hankali na ciki ya ɓoye a cikin abin da ba a taɓa gani ba. A cikin wannan ma'ana, Symphony na biyar za a iya kwatanta shi da ayyukan Andrei Tarkovsky, inda a zahiri a tsaye Shots ke haifar da matsanancin tashin hankali na ciki, tada ruhin ɗan adam. Kamar kaset na Tarkovsky, kiɗan Sylvestrov yana magana ne ga manyan 'yan adam, idan ta hanyar elitism da gaske ya fahimci mafi kyawun mutum - ikon jin zurfi da amsawa ga ciwo da wahala na mutum da ɗan adam.
Salon bakan na aikin Silvestrov yana da faɗi sosai. Yana sha'awar kalmar, mafi girman waƙa, wanda ke buƙatar mafi kyawun fahimta na zuciya don isasshen nishaɗin kiɗa: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, T. Shevchenko, E. Baratynsky, P. Shelley, J. Keats, O. Mandelstam. Ya kasance a cikin nau'o'in murya cewa kyautar Sylvestrov mai melodist ya nuna kanta tare da mafi girman karfi.
Wani aikin da ba a zato ba ya mamaye wani wuri na musamman a cikin aikin mawaƙa, wanda, duk da haka, ƙirar ƙirƙira ta zama alama ta mai da hankali. Wannan shine "Kitch Music" na piano (1977). A cikin annotation, marubucin ya bayyana ma'anar sunan a matsayin wani abu "rauni, jefar da shi, rashin nasara" (wato, kusa da fassarar ƙamus na ra'ayi). Amma nan take ya karyata wannan bayanin, yana mai ba shi ma wata fassara mai ban sha'awa: _Wasa cikin annushuwa, sautin kud da kud, kamar ana tava tunanin mai saurare a hankali, ta yadda waqa ta yi sauti a cikin hayyacinta, kamar me ma’adanin sauraren da kansa ke rera wannan wakar_. Kuma duniyar Schumann da Chopin, Brahms da Mahler, mazaunan Zamani marasa mutuwa, wanda Valentin Silvestrov ke jin daɗi sosai, da gaske komawa zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Lokaci yana da hikima. Ba dade ko ba jima, yana mayar wa kowa abin da ya cancanta. Akwai abubuwa da yawa a cikin rayuwar Silvestrov: cikakken rashin fahimta na "kusa-al'adu" Figures, da kuma cikakken rashin kula da wallafe-wallafen gidaje, har ma da fitar daga Union of Composers na Tarayyar Soviet. Amma akwai wani abu - amincewa da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da masu sauraro a cikin kasarmu da kuma kasashen waje. Silvestrov - Laureate na Prize. S. Koussevitzky (Amurka, 1967) da Gasar Kasa da Kasa don Matasa Mawaƙa "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970). Rashin daidaituwa, gaskiyar gaskiya, ikhlasi da tsabta, haɓaka ta babban hazaka da al'adun ciki mai girma - duk wannan yana ba da dalili don tsammanin manyan abubuwa masu mahimmanci da hikima a nan gaba.
S. Filstein
