Yadda ake zabar ƙaho - Makarantar Dijital

Contents

Na'urar ƙaho
Nau'in ƙaho
Misalin ƙaho

Kaho kayan kiɗan tagulla ne na alto-soprano rajistar a, mafi girman sauti tsakanin kayan aikin iska na tagulla.

Tun zamanin d ¯ a ana amfani da ƙaho na yanayi azaman kayan aikin sigina, kuma daga kusan karni na 17 ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Tare da ƙirƙirar injin bawul, ƙaho ya sami cikakken ma'auni na chromatic kuma daga tsakiyar karni na 19 ya zama cikakken kayan aikin kiɗa na gargajiya. . Kayan aiki yana da haske, mai haske hatimi kuma ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin solo, a cikin makada da makada na tagulla, da kuma cikin jazz da sauran nau'o'in.

Kaho na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kida. ambaton mafi tsufa kayan aikin irin wannan sun kasance a kusan 3600 BC. e. Bututu sun kasance a cikin wayewa da yawa - a tsohuwar Masar, tsohuwar Girka, tsohuwar Sin, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani da su azaman kayan aikin sigina. Ƙaho ya taka wannan rawa tsawon ƙarni da yawa, har zuwa karni na 17.

A tsakiyar zamanai, masu busa ƙaho sun kasance membobin sojojin da suka wajaba, kawai za su iya hanzarta isar da odar kwamandan ga sauran sassan sojojin da ke nesa tare da taimakon sigina. An yi la'akari da fasahar buga ƙaho "Elite" , an koya wa mutane musamman zaɓaɓɓu ne kawai. A lokacin zaman lafiya, an yi busa ƙaho a jerin gwanon bukukuwa, gasa na jarumtaka, a cikin manyan biranen akwai matsayi na masu busa ƙaho na "hasumiya" waɗanda suka sanar da zuwan wani babban mutum, canji a lokacin rana (don haka yana aiki a matsayin nau'i na agogo). ), tunkarar sojojin abokan gaba zuwa birnin da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.

Bawul Na'ura, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1830s kuma yana ba da ƙaho sikelin chromatic, ba a fara amfani da shi sosai ba da farko, tunda ba duka sautunan chromatic ba ne mai tsafta kuma daidai a cikin hatimi . Tun daga wannan lokacin, babbar murya a cikin rukunin tagulla an ƙara ba da amana ga cornet, kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa da ƙaho tare da laushi. hatimi da ƙarin ƙarfin fasaha na ci gaba. Ƙwaƙwalwa (tare da ƙaho) su ne kayan aikin ƙungiyar makaɗa na yau da kullun har zuwa farkon karni na 20, lokacin da haɓaka ƙirar kayan aiki da haɓaka ƙwarewar masu busa ƙaho a zahiri ya kawar da matsalar iya magana da ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa. timbre .a, kuma cornets sun ɓace daga ƙungiyar makaɗa. A zamaninmu, yawancin sassan kade-kade na cornets ana yin su a kan bututu, kodayake ana amfani da kayan aiki na asali a wasu lokuta.

A zamanin yau, ana amfani da ƙaho a matsayin kayan aikin solo, a cikin makada da makada na tagulla, da kuma a cikin jazz , funk, ska da sauran nau'o'i.

A cikin wannan labarin, masana na kantin sayar da "Student" za su gaya muku yadda za a zabi bututu abin da kuke buƙata, kuma kada ku biya kari a lokaci guda.

Na'urar ƙaho

Kafin siyan, muna ba da shawarar cewa ku yi nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin bututu , wanda bashi da sauti na musamman: bututu, murfin bakin , bawuloli, kararrawa . Hakanan kayan shafa na kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci.

Tube – wani sashe na bututu daga murfin bakin a zuwa kambi na tsarin gaba ɗaya. Anyi daga tagulla (rawaya) na yau da kullun, jan tagulla ko azurfa 925 sittin. Jan tagulla ko tompack (nau'in tagulla) shine kayan da aka zaɓa don horar da bututu, saboda ba shi da sauƙi ga lalata. Kayan aikin jan ƙarfe na rawaya yana buƙatar ƙarin tsaftacewa akai-akai. Akwai samfura tare da bututu mai juyawa. Iskar da ke cikin kayan aiki tare da irin wannan bututu yana fuskantar ƙarancin juriya saboda ƙarancin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan haɓakawa yana sa wasan ya fi sauƙi.

shafuka(mafi daidai, pistons) an yi su da ƙarfe daban-daban. Ana samun piston da aka yi da nickel sau da yawa a cikin bututun horarwa, saboda suna da ƙarfi, ɗorewa kuma ba su kula da tsaftacewa lokaci-lokaci. Wani abu gama gari shine monel (garin nickel da jan ƙarfe). Monel yana da laushi fiye da nickel, monel pistons yana buƙatar tsaftacewa da lubrication akai-akai. Monel yana da juriya na lalata, filastik, ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da iyakoki na Monel akan ƙwararru da bututun horo. An yi la'akari da iyakoki na bakin karfe suna da kyau sosai, ana samun su a cikin kayan aiki na matsakaici da matakin ƙwararru. Kyakkyawan bawul yana amsawa da sauri da sauƙi zuwa matsa lamba. Wannan shi ne sakamakon da ya dace na piston - aikin karshe na shigar da piston a cikin gilashin.

kararrawa na kayan aikin ilimi da ƙwararru galibi ana yin su ne da tagulla mai launin rawaya. Haka kuma na kowa m kararrawar tagulla tare da duhu, sautin zafi. Azurfa karrarawa ana sanya su ne kawai akan bututu masu ƙima. A da, ana amfani da nickel azaman mai kararrawa abu , amma yanzu kusan ba a samu ba.
Ƙarin muhimmin abu shine zane na kararrawa . Mafi kyau karrarawa ana yin su bisa ga samfuri daga takarda ɗaya na ƙarfe. Maigidan da hannu ya siffata shi da mallet na roba. An yi imani da cewa kararrawaAikin hannu yana girgiza sosai daidai gwargwado. Bututun koyarwa da kayan aikin tsakiyar matakin yawanci suna waldawa safa . A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fasahar waldawar plasma ta sa ya yiwu a kawo welded safa mafi kusa a cikin halaye ga masu ƙarfi. karrarawa Hakanan ya bambanta da girma da taper, duka biyun suna shafar sauti a kaikaice.

Mensura shine rabon mafi fadi da kunkuntar bangaren bututu. Diamita na ciki na bututu na biyu kambi yana matsakaici. Mafi sau da yawa akwai kayan aiki tare da sikelin 0.458-0.460 inci (11.63 - 11.68 mm). Kayan aiki tare da ma'auni mafi girma suna ƙara ƙarfi, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari daga mai yin; ƙwararrun mawaƙa ne ke buga waɗannan bututun. Don masu farawa (musamman yara), yana da kyau a saya bututu tare da ƙananan sikelin, saboda. a wannan yanayin, yana da sauƙi don cimma sauti mai tsabta.

Nau'in ƙaho

Bari mu san nau'ikan ƙaho daban-daban, fasalinsu da nau'ikan kiɗan da aka fi amfani da su.

Bb bututu

Nau'in da aka fi sani shine ƙaho B-lebur. Tare da dumi, faffadan sauti, yana dacewa da kowane taro don haka ana amfani dashi a cikin kowane nau'ikan kiɗan daga na gargajiya zuwa na zamani. jazz da pop music. Bb ƙaho shi ma ya fi yawa kayan aikin koyarwa , kamar yadda aka rubuta waƙa da kayan koyarwa da yawa don shi. Don sauƙaƙe abubuwa kuma zaɓi bututu gwargwadon matakin ku da kuɗin ku, koma zuwa kewayon horo, matsakaici (masu sana'a) da ƙirar ƙwararru.

Kahon dalibi Bb

Kamfanoni da yawa suna samar da jerin samfuran musamman don mawaƙa na farko. Bututun shigarwa yawanci ba su da tsada, duk da haka dorewa kuma suna da fasalulluka waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa wa masu farawa yin wasa. Misali, karami sikelin a cikin ƙaho ɗalibi yana ba ku damar fitar da sauti mai haske da cikakke tare da ƙarancin ƙoƙari.

Bututu STAGG WS-TR215S

Semi-kwarewa Bb bututu

Yayin da ƴan wasa suka ƙware a yin wasa, mawaƙa na iya ganin cewa ƙarfin bututun horo bai isa ba. A wannan yanayin, ana bada shawara don canzawa zuwa kayan aiki na tsakiya. Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, amma a lokaci guda suna da rahusa fiye da masu sana'a. Abokin mawaƙi yana da babban zaɓi na ƙaho na ƙwararru a cikin kunna B-lebur.

Bayani: KYAUTA John Packer JP251SW

Kwararrun Bututun Bb

Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kayan aiki ne ke yin su daga mafi kyawun kayan aiki, la'akari da duk buƙatun da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana'anta ke yin su. Masu sana'a waɗanda ke buƙatar kayan aiki tare da sauti mara kyau da kuma babban hankali na inji zai iya zaɓar ƙaho matakin ƙwararru a cikin kantin sayar da kan layi "Student".

Bassa ƙaho

Kodayake masu busa ƙaho ne da farko ke buga ƙaho, wasu mashahuran masu busa ƙaho ma suna yin wannan kayan aikin. Bature Philip Jones da Dave Matthews Band memba Rashawn Ross misalai ne.
Ƙaho na bass yana da irin wannan kunnawa kamar trombone, mafi sau da yawa a cikin C (C) ko B lebur (Bb). An rubuta bayanin kula game da shi a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho, amma ana yin ƙasa ta hanyar octave (bass trumpet C) ko babban mara (bass trumpet Bb).
Bass ƙaho tare da zane ba zai yuwu ya dace da masu busa ƙaho na farko ba, amma yana da kyau zaɓi ga trombonists waɗanda suke son haɓaka ƙwarewar wasan bawul ɗin su, da kuma masu busa ƙaho waɗanda suke son faɗaɗa damar wasan su kuma su mallaki kayan aiki tare da na'urar. kasa rajistar .

Kaho a layin C

Duk da cewa ƙahon C ba shi da yawa fiye da ƙaho na Bb, wannan nau'in ya zama ruwan dare gama gari har ma ya sami karɓuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Ana ƙara samun ƙaho na C a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa tare da ƙaho na Bb. Ƙaho C yana sa sautin sama sama da ƙaho na B, kuma ɗan ƙaramin jiki yana sa ya yi haske. Tsaftace, m hatimi an yi nasarar amfani da shi a cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar makaɗa. C ƙaho daidai daidai da dacewa ga ƙwararrun 'yan wasa da ɗalibai masu haɓaka, yana ba ku damar haɓaka matakin fasaha.

Kari C John Packer P152

Ƙaho a cikin Mi tuning

Tare da mafi yawan nau'ikan ƙaho a cikin B-flat da C, akwai samfuran da aka tsara don wasa a cikin mafi girma. rajistar e. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana amfani da su a cikin waɗannan ayyukan orchestral inda mafi girma rajistar yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi girman daidaiton samar da sauti da sauƙi na yatsa. Trumpet E shine misalin irin wannan kayan aikin kawai. Duk da ƙarancin yawan amfani da shi idan aka kwatanta da Bb, C, har ma da ƙaho na Eb, ƙahon in-tuning abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin tarin ƙwararrun ƴan ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗe. Sau da yawa, E tuning yana ɗaya daga cikin yuwuwar kunna kayan aiki tare da musanya karrarawa wanda za a iya saurara zuwa maɓalli mafi girma.

Piccolo ƙaho

Ga masu busa ƙaho, waɗanda sau da yawa wasa sassa a cikin high rajistar e (halayen, misali, na Bach ko kiɗan baroque), da ƙaho piccolo shine babban kayan aiki. Ana amfani dashi a cikin kunna B-flat, octave sama da ƙaho na Bb na yau da kullun, kusan koyaushe yana da ƙarin krone da yuwuwar kunnawa zuwa kunna A (A). Bugu da kari, da ƙaho piccolo an sanye shi da bawul na huɗu (quart valve), wanda ke saukar da tsarin ta cikakken na huɗu. Haɗin waɗannan fasalulluka yana faɗaɗa yuwuwar kayan aikin, yin ƙaho piccolo zuba jari mai dacewa ga ci-gaba da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa.

ƙaho piccolo

Aljihu ƙaho

Masu ƙaho, waɗanda galibi suna kan hanya, za su ji daɗi sani cewa akwai kayan aikin da ya fi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho na yau da kullun. Ana samun ƙirar ƙira ta musamman ta lanƙwasa bututun, yayin da ƙaho na aljihu yana ba da damar cikakken iyaka na bututun Bb da za a fitar kuma ba makawa ne don kidan titi, ayyukan balaguro, da sauransu.
Don duk dacewarsa, irin wannan ƙaho bai dace da wasan kwaikwayon kai tsaye ba, kodayake wasu jazz 'yan wasa lokaci-lokaci suna amfani da shi a cikin zamansu.

Bb bututu m John Packer JP159B

Roka ƙaho

Mawaƙa da fari ba za su zabi ƙaho da zamewa a matsayin kayan aikinsu na farko ba, amma don ƙwayoyin su na farko, ko masu ƙaho waɗanda suke so su fadada ƙwararrun su iyaka , wannan mafita ce mai ma'ana. Sakamakon irin waɗannan “gwaji”, wasu ƴan wasan gabaɗaya suna barin ƙaho na gargajiya don goyon bayan kayan aikin rocker. Domin gogaggen jazz masu busa ƙaho, ƙaho na scotch yana da girma biyu kayan aikin da za a gwada da sauti. Ana amfani da ƙaho na zamewa (ko ƙaho na zamewa) wani lokaci a cikin kiɗan ƙungiyar makaɗa na zamanin Baroque da Renaissance.