Uzeir Hajibekov (Uzeyir Hajibeov) |

Uzeyir Hajibeev

“… Hajibeov ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba daya ga ci gaban al’adun wakokin Soviet na Azabaijan. … Ya aza harsashin fasahar wasan opera ta Azabaijan a karon farko a cikin jamhuriyar, ingantaccen tsarin ilimin kiɗa. Har ila yau, ya yi aiki mai yawa a cikin ci gaban kiɗan kiɗa, "D. Shostakovich ya rubuta game da Gadzhibekov.

Gadzhibekov aka haife shi a cikin dangin magatakarda na karkara. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar Uzeyir, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Shusha, wani ƙaramin gari a Nagorno-Karabakh. Yarinta na mawaƙa na gaba yana kewaye da mawaƙa da mawaƙa na jama'a, daga wanda ya koyi fasahar mugham. Yaron ya rera waƙoƙin jama'a da kyau, har ma an nadi muryarsa a cikin phonograph.

A 1899, Gadzhibekov shiga Gori malami seminary. A nan ya shiga duniya, musamman Rashanci, al'adu, ya saba da kiɗa na gargajiya. A cikin makarantar hauza, an ba wa kiɗa wuri mai mahimmanci. An bukaci dukkan ɗalibai su koyi wasan violin, su sami ƙwarewar rera waƙa da kuma wasan runguma. An ƙarfafa yin rikodin waƙoƙin jama'a da kai. A cikin littafin kiɗan Gadzhibekov, adadin su ya ƙaru daga shekara zuwa shekara. Daga baya, a lokacin da yake aiki a kan wasan opera na farko, ya yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rikodin tarihin almara. Bayan kammala karatu daga seminary a 1904, Gadzhibekov aka sanya a kauyen Hadrut, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na shekara guda. Bayan shekara guda, ya koma Baku, inda ya ci gaba da ayyukan koyarwa, a lokaci guda kuma yana sha'awar aikin jarida. Ya Topical feuilletons da articles bayyana a da yawa mujallu da jaridu. Sa'o'in hutu kaɗan ne aka keɓe don ilimin kai na kiɗa. Nasarorin da aka samu sun kasance masu mahimmanci cewa Gadzhibekov yana da ra'ayi mai ban tsoro - don ƙirƙirar aikin wasan kwaikwayo wanda zai dogara ne akan fasahar mugham. 25 ga Janairu, 1908 ita ce ranar haifuwar wasan opera ta farko ta kasa. Makircin da aka yi masa shi ne waƙar Fizuli “Leyli da Majnun”. Matashin mawakin ya yi amfani da sassan mughams sosai a cikin wasan opera. Tare da taimakon abokansa, masu sha'awar fasaharsa na asali, Gadzhibekov ya shirya wasan opera a Baku. Daga baya, mawaƙin ya tuna: “A wancan lokacin, ni, marubucin wasan opera, na san tushen solfeggio kawai, amma ban da masaniya game da jituwa, ƙima, nau'ikan kiɗa… An bayyana, a ra'ayina, da cewa mutanen Azabaijan sun riga sun sa ran cewa wasan opera na Azarbaijan zai bayyana a kan dandalin, kuma "Leyli da Majnun" sun haɗu da ainihin kidan jama'a da kuma sanannen shiri na gargajiya.

Nasarar “Leyli da Majnun” ta ƙarfafa Uzeyir Hajibeov ya ci gaba da aikinsa sosai. A cikin shekaru 5 masu zuwa, ya ƙirƙiri wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa 3: "Miji da Mata" (1909), "Idan ba wannan ba, to wannan" (1910), "Arshin Mal Alan" (1913) da 4 mugham operas: "Sheikh Senan" (1909), "Rustam dan Zohrab" (1910), "Shah Abbas dan Khurshidbanu" (1912), "Asli and Kerem" (1912). Tuni da yake marubucin ayyuka da dama da suka shahara a cikin mutane, Gadzhibekov yana neman sake cika kayansa na sana'a: a cikin 1910-12. yana daukar darussa masu zaman kansu a Moscow Philharmonic Society, kuma a cikin 1914 a St. Petersburg Conservatory. Oktoba 25, 1913, da farko na m comedy "Arshin Mal Alan" ya faru. Gadzhibekov ya yi a nan duka a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a matsayin mawaki. Ya ƙirƙiri aikin fage mai ma'ana, mai walƙiya tare da wayo mai cike da fara'a. Hakazalika, aikin nasa ba ya rasa nasaba da jin daɗin jama'a, yana cike da nuna rashin amincewa da yadda al'adun ƙasar ke ta ɓarke ​​da mutunci. A cikin "Arshin Mal Alan" mawaki ya bayyana a matsayin balagagge master: thematic thematic dogara ne a kan modal da rhythmic fasali na Azerbaijan jama'a music, amma ba ko da waƙa da aka aro a zahiri. "Arshin Mal Alan" babban gwaninta ne na gaskiya. operetta ya zagaya duniya da nasara. An gudanar da shi a Moscow, Paris, New York, London, Alkahira da sauransu.

Uzeyir Hajibeov ya kammala aikinsa na karshe - wasan opera "Kor-ogly" a 1937. A lokaci guda, an yi wasan opera a Baku, tare da halartar shahararren Bul-Bul a cikin rawar take. Bayan wasan farko na nasara, mawakin ya rubuta cewa: “Na sanya kaina aikin samar da wasan opera na kasa baki daya, ta hanyar amfani da nasarorin da aka samu na al’adun wakokin zamani… Kyor-ogly is ashug, kuma ana rera ta ta ashugs, don haka salo na ashugs shine salon da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin opera… A cikin “Ker-ogly” akwai dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi aikin wasan opera - arias, duets, ensembles, recitatives, amma duk wannan an gina su ne ta hanyar hanyoyin da tatsuniyar kiɗan ta kasance. na Azerbaijan an gina shi. Babban gudunmawar da Uzeyir Gadzhibekov ya bayar ga ci gaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa. Amma a lokaci guda ya ƙirƙira ayyuka da yawa a cikin wasu nau'ikan, musamman, shi ne mafarin sabon salo - soyayya-gazelle; irin su "Sensiz" ("Ba tare da ku") da "Sevgili janan" ("Masoyi"). Wakokinsa "Kira", "Sister of Mercy" sun ji daɗin shahara sosai a lokacin Babban Yaƙin Kishin Ƙasa.

Uzeyir Hajibeev - ba kawai mawaki, amma kuma mafi girma a cikin m da kuma jama'a adadi a Azerbaijan. A cikin 1931, ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar makaɗa ta farko na kayan kida, kuma bayan shekaru 5, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Azabaijan ta farko. Yi la'akari da gudummawar Gadzhibekov don ƙirƙirar ma'aikatan kiɗa na ƙasa. A 1922 ya shirya makarantar kiɗa ta Azabaijan ta farko. Daga baya, ya jagoranci makarantar fasaha ta kiɗa, sa'an nan kuma ya zama shugaban Conservatory na Baku. Hajibeev ya taƙaita sakamakon bincikensa na tarihin kiɗa na ƙasa a cikin babban binciken ilimin ka'idar "Asali na Azabaijan Folk Music" (1945). Sunan U. Gadzhibekov yana kewaye da Azerbaijan da ƙauna da girmamawa ta ƙasa. A shekarar 1959, a cikin mahaifarsa na mawaki, a Shusha, ya House-Museum aka bude, da kuma a shekarar 1975 bude House-Museum Gadzhibekov a Baku.

N. Alekperova