Sergei Artemyevich Balasanian |

Jawabin Sergey

Kiɗa na wannan mawaki koyaushe na asali ne, sabon abu, ƙirƙira kuma, sauraron shi, kun faɗi ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan fara'a na kyakkyawa da sabo. A. Khachaturyan

Creativity S. Balasanyan zurfi cikin yanayi na duniya. Da yake da tushe mai ƙarfi a cikin al'adun Armeniya, ya yi karatu kuma tun asali ya ƙunshi tatsuniyar mutane da yawa a cikin ayyukansa. Balasanyan an haife shi a Ashgabat. A 1935 ya sauke karatu daga rediyo sashen na tarihi da kuma Theoretical Faculty of Moscow Conservatory, inda A. Alschwang ya shugabanta. Balasanyan ya yi karatun hada-hadar harsashi na tsawon shekara guda a wani taron karawa juna sani da aka kirkira akan shirin dalibai. Anan malaminsa shine D. Kablevsky. Tun 1936, Balasanyan ta rayuwa da kuma m ayyukan da aka alaka da Dushanbe, inda ya zo a kan nasa yunƙurin shirya masu zuwa shekaru goma na wallafe-wallafe da kuma art na Tajikistan a Moscow. Tushen yin aiki ya kasance mai albarka: ginshiƙin ƙwararrun al'adun kiɗa na nan ana aza su a cikin jamhuriyar, kuma Balasanyan yana da himma wajen gina shi a matsayin mawaƙi, jama'a da kade-kade, marubuci da kuma malami. Ya zama dole a koya wa mawaƙa yadda ake karanta waƙa, da sanya su da masu sauraronsu ɗabi'ar yawan yin waƙa da sautin ɗabi'a. Haka kuma, ya nazarci tatsuniyoyi na kasa da na gargajiya domin yin amfani da su a cikin aikinsa.

A cikin 1937, Balasanyan ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa mai suna "Vose" (wasan kwaikwayo na A. Dehoti, M. Tursunzade, G. Abdullo). Ita ce ta farko a wasan opera na farko, The Rising of Vose (1939), wanda ya zama opera na farko na Tajik. Makircinsa ya samo asali ne kan tada kayar da manoma suka yi a kan sarakunan yankin a 1883-85. karkashin jagorancin almara Vose. A cikin 1941, wasan opera The Blacksmith Kova ya bayyana (Libre na A. Lakhuti dangane da Shahnameh Firdowsi). Mawaƙin Tajik-mawaƙin waƙa Sh. Bobokalonov dauki bangare a cikin halittarsa, da karin waƙa, tare da na gaske jama'a da kuma na gargajiya karin waƙa a cikin opera. "Ina so in yi amfani da damar arziƙin mita-rhythmic na tarihin tarihin Tajik… Anan na yi ƙoƙarin nemo salon wasan kwaikwayo mai faɗi..." Balasanyan ya rubuta. A shekara ta 1941, an yi wasan kwaikwayo na operas The Rebellion of Vose da The Blacksmith Kova a Moscow a cikin shekaru goma na wallafe-wallafe da fasaha na Tajikistan. A cikin shekarun yaƙi, Balasanyan, wanda ya zama shugaban kwamitin farko na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Tajikistan, ya ci gaba da yin mawaƙa da ayyukan zamantakewa. A cikin 1942-43. shi ne darektan fasaha na gidan wasan opera a Dushanbe. Tare da haɗin gwiwar mawaƙin Tajik Z. Shahidi Balasanyan ya haifar da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa "Rosia" (1942), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa "Song of Anger" (1942) - ayyukan da suka zama amsa ga abubuwan da suka faru na yakin. A 1943, mawaki ya koma Moscow. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban All-Union Radio kwamitin (1949-54), sa'an nan (a farko sporadically, kuma tun 1955 m) ya koyar a Moscow Conservatory. Amma dangantakarsa da waƙar Tajik ba ta katse ba. A wannan lokacin, Balasanyan ya rubuta shahararren ballet ɗinsa "Leyli da Majnun" (1947) da wasan opera "Bakhtior da Nisso" (1954) (dangane da labari na P. Luknitsky "Nisso") - wasan opera na farko na Tajik bisa wani makirci. kusa da zamani (mazaunan ƙauyen Pamir na Siatang a hankali suna fahimtar zuwan sabuwar rayuwa).

A cikin ballet "Leyli da Majnun" Balasanyan ya juya zuwa ga fassarar Indiyawa na sanannen labari na gabas, wanda Leyli firist ce a cikin haikali (lib. S. Penina). A cikin nau'i na biyu na ballet (1956), an canza wurin aikin zuwa tsohuwar jihar Sogdiana, wanda ke kan shafin Tajikistan na zamani. A cikin wannan bugu, mawaƙin yana amfani da jigogi na jama'a, yana aiwatar da al'adun ƙasar Tajik (bikin tulip). Wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na ballet ya dogara ne akan leitmotifs. Har ila yau, ana ba da manyan haruffa tare da su - Leyli da Majnun, waɗanda kullum suke ƙoƙari don juna, wanda tarurruka (wanda ke faruwa a gaskiya ko tunanin) - duet adagios - su ne lokuta mafi mahimmanci a cikin ci gaban aikin. Sun tashi da wakokinsu, cikar tunani, yanayin taron jama'a na halaye iri-iri - raye-rayen 'yan mata da raye-rayen maza. A 1964, Balasanyan ya yi na uku edition na ballet, a cikin abin da ya aka yi a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Kremlin Palace Congress (babban sassa da aka yi da N. Bessmertnova da V. Vasiliev).

A 1956 Balasanyan ya juya zuwa waƙar Afghanistan. Wannan shi ne "Afganistan Suite" don ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'in rawa a cikin bayyanarsa daban-daban, sannan akwai "Hotunan Afganistan" (1959) - zagayowar na'urori biyar masu haske a cikin yanayi.

Mafi mahimmancin yanki na kerawa Balasanyan yana da alaƙa da al'adun Armeniya. Kiran farko da ta fara yi mata shi ne soyayya a cikin baitocin V. Terian (1944) da kuma na al’adar waqoqin qasa A. Isahakyan (1955). Manyan nasarorin kirkire-kirkire sun hada da kade-kade - "Armenian Rhapsody" na halin kide-kide mai haske (1944) kuma musamman suite Seven Armenian Songs (1955), wanda mawaƙin ya ayyana a matsayin "hotunan-yanayin-hanyoyin". Tsarin ƙungiyar makaɗa na abun da ke ciki yana da ban sha'awa sosai, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar hotuna na rayuwar yau da kullun da yanayi a Armenia. A cikin Waƙoƙin Armeniya Bakwai, Balasanyan ya yi amfani da waƙoƙin waƙa daga Tarin Ethnographic na Komitas. “Kyakkyawan ingancin wannan waƙar ita ce dabara ta hikima wajen mu’amala da tushen jama’a,” in ji mawaƙi Y. Butsko, ɗalibin Balasanyan. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, tarin Komitas ya zaburar da Balasanyan zuwa ainihin aiki - shirya shi don piano. Wannan shi ne yadda Waƙoƙin Armeniya (1969) suka bayyana - ƙananan ƙananan 100, an haɗa su zuwa littattafai 6. Mawaƙin yana bin tsarin waƙoƙin da Komitas ya rubuta, ba tare da canza sauti ɗaya a cikinsu ba. Waƙoƙi tara na Komitas na mezzo-soprano da baritone tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1956), guda takwas don ƙungiyar makaɗa a kan jigogi na Komitas (1971), guda shida don violin da piano (1970) kuma suna da alaƙa da aikin Komitas. Wani suna a cikin tarihin al'adun Armeniya ya jawo hankalin Balasanyan - ashug Sayat-Nova. Da farko, ya rubuta kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo "Sayat-Nova" (1956) bisa ga waƙar G. Saryan, sannan ya yi gyare-gyare guda uku na waƙoƙin Sayat-Nova don murya da piano (1957). Sizamin na biyu don kirtani na orchestra (1974) kuma yana da alaƙa da kiɗan Armeniya, wanda aka yi amfani da kayan tsohuwar Armenian Armeniyanci. Wani muhimmin shafi na aikin Balasanyan yana da alaƙa da al'adun Indiya da Indonesia. Ya rubuta kida don wasan kwaikwayo na rediyon The Tree of Water (1955) da Furen Fure (1956) bisa labarun Krishnan Chandra; zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na N. Guseva "Ramayana" (1960), wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsakiya; Hotunan soyayya guda biyar akan ayoyi na mawaƙin Indiya Suryakant Tripathi Nirano (1965), “Island of Indonesia” (1960, 6 m shimfidar wuri-zanen zane-zane), shirya waƙoƙin yara Indonesiya huɗu na Reni Putirai Kaya don murya da piano (1961). A 1962-63 mawaki halitta ballet "Shakuntala" (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan da Kalidasa). Balasanyan yana karatun tatsuniyoyi da al'adun Indiya. Don haka, a 1961 ya yi tafiya zuwa wannan ƙasa. A cikin wannan shekarar, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Rhapsody akan jigogi na Rabindranath Tagore, bisa ga waƙoƙin Tagore na gaske, da waƙoƙi shida na Rabindranath Tagore don murya da makaɗa sun bayyana. "Sergey Artemyevich Balasanyan yana da dangantaka ta musamman da Tagore," in ji ɗalibinsa N. Korndorf, "Tagor shine" marubucinsa, kuma an bayyana wannan ba kawai a cikin rubuce-rubuce kan batutuwa na wannan marubuci ba, amma har ma a cikin wani dangantaka ta ruhaniya. masu fasaha.”

Geography na abubuwan da Balasanyan ke da shi bai iyakance ga ayyukan da aka lissafa ba. Mawaƙin ya kuma juya zuwa ga tarihin Afirka (Waƙoƙi huɗu na Afirka don murya da piano - 1961), Latin Amurka (Waƙoƙi biyu na Latin Amurka don murya da piano - 1961), ya rubuta ballads na ƙasa 5 a fili a fili don baritone tare da piano. zuwa ga baitocin mawaƙin Kamaru Elolonge Epanya Yondo (1962). Daga wannan sake zagayowar akwai wata hanya zuwa Symphony for choir cappella zuwa ayoyin E. Mezhelaitis da K. Kuliev (1968), 3 sassa ( "The Bells of Buchenwald", "Lullaby", "Icariad"). hade tare da taken tunani na falsafa game da makomar mutum da ɗan adam.

Daga cikin abubuwan da Balasanyan ya yi na baya-bayan nan sun hada da sonata na waka na cello solo (1976), waka mai amfani da murya mai suna “Amethyst” (akan ayar ta E. Mezhelaitis dangane da dalilan Tagore – 1977). (A cikin 1971, Balasanyan da Mezhelaitis sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Indiya.) A cikin rubutun Amethyst, 2 duniyoyi suna da alama sun haɗu - falsafar Tagore da waƙar Mezhelaitis.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, dalilan Armeniya sun sake bayyana a cikin aikin Balasanyan - zagayowar gajerun labarai guda huɗu don pianos guda biyu "Across Armenia" (1978), zagayowar murya "Sannu zuwa gare ku, farin ciki" (a kan G. Emin, 1979), "Daga tsakiyar zamanai. Waƙar Armeniya “(a tashar N. Kuchak, 1981). Kasancewa ɗan amintaccen ɗan ƙasarsa, mawaƙin ya rungumi kaɗe-kaɗe da yawa a cikin aikinsa, ya zama misali na kishin ƙasa na gaskiya a cikin fasaha.

N. Aleksenko