Vytautas Prano Barkauskas (Vytautas Barkauskas) |
Vytautas Barkauskas
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashahuran al'adun kiɗa na zamani a Lithuania, V. Barkauskas, na cikin tsararrun mawaƙa na Lithuania waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a cikin 60s. a matsayin “masu tayar da hankali”, juyowa zuwa sabon hoto, sabon, wani lokaci m harshen avant-garde. Tun daga farkon matakai, Barkauskas ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin matasa, amma a cikin farkon ayyukansa, wannan sabon ba a taɓa sanya shi ba, amma ya yi hulɗa da al'ada, gaba ɗaya yana biyayya da zane-zane. A tsawon aikinsa na kirkire-kirkire, salon Barkauskas ya canza a sassauƙa - nau'ikan lafazin salo da dabaru sun canza, amma mahimman abubuwan sun kasance ba su canza ba - abun ciki mai zurfi, ƙwararrun ƙwararru, haɓakar motsin rai tare da hankali.
Gadon mawaƙin ya haɗa da kusan dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan: mataki (wasan kwaikwayo na opera The Legend of Love, the choreographic stage Conflict), kade-kade da kide-kide (ciki har da kade-kade na 5, abubuwan da suka shafi triptych, 3 concertos, Monologue don oboe solo, Partita don solo violin, 3 violin sonatas, 2 kirtani quartets, Quintet da Sextet don kirtani tare da piano), mawaƙa, cantatas da oratorios, vocal lyrics (a kan layin P. Eluard, N. Kuchak, V. Palchinskaite), organ da piano abun da ke ciki (ciki har da don 4, 6 da 8 hannu), kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo da cinema. Barkauskas yana mai da hankali sosai ga repertoire na yara.
Darussan kiɗa na farko sun fara a gida, sannan - a sashen piano na makarantar kiɗa. Y. Tallat-Kyalpshi in Vilnius. Duk da haka, mawaƙin bai sami aikinsa nan da nan ba, ya sami sana'arsa ta farko a Faculty of Physics and Mathematics na Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (1953). Bayan haka ne Barkauskas ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa gabaɗaya ga kiɗa - a 1959 ya sauke karatu daga Vilnius Conservatory a cikin aji na fitaccen mawaki kuma malami A. Raciunas.
A cikin shekaru goma na farko na ƙirƙira, kiɗan Barkauskas ya fi yin alama ta ruhun gwaji, yin amfani da dabaru daban-daban na rubutawa (atonalism, dodecaphony, sonoristics, aleatorics).
An bayyana wannan a fili a cikin manyan nau'ikan 60s. - a cikin ɗakin kiɗa, inda, tare da hanyoyin zamani na abun da ke ciki, halayen halayen neoclassical na wannan lokacin na kiɗa na Soviet (bayanin ginawa, bayyanannen gabatarwa, gravitation zuwa polyphony) an kuma aiwatar da shi da ban sha'awa. Mafi kusa da mashawartan da suka gabata zuwa Barkauskas shine ka'idar wasan kwaikwayo - nau'in wasa tare da timbres, dynamics, virtuoso fasaha, nau'o'in nau'o'in jigogi daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne Concertino na ƙungiyoyin ɗakuna huɗu (1964), “Contrast music” don sarewa, cello da percussion (1968), “Intimate compound” don oboe da 12 kirtani (1968), waɗanda ke cikin mafi kyawun halitta ta mawaki. Kuma daga baya, Barkauskas bai rabu da nau'in wasan kwaikwayo ba (Concertos for organ "Gloria urbi" - 1972; sarewa da oboes tare da makada - 1978; Uku wasan kwaikwayo na piano - 1981).
Musamman mahimmanci shine Concerto for viola and chamber orchestra (1981), wani muhimmin aiki wanda ya taƙaita binciken da ya gabata kuma yana jaddada motsin rai, farkon soyayya, wanda ke ƙaruwa a cikin aikin mawaƙa a kan lokaci. A lokaci guda kuma, harshe ya zama mafi sauƙi kuma a bayyane, tsohon ingancin hoto yanzu yana ƙara haɗuwa da sauti mai launi. Duk waɗannan fasalulluka suna ba da shaida ga ci gaba da sha'awar Barkauskas don haɗa hanyoyin bayyanawa, don zurfafa abun ciki. Ko da a farkon lokacin, mawaƙin ya juya zuwa farar hula, gabaɗaya mahimman jigogi - a cikin waƙar cantata-waƙar "Kalmar Juyin Juyin Halitta" (a kan St. A. Drilinga - 1967), a cikin zagayowar "Promemoria" don sarewa biyu. bass clarinet, piano, garaya da kaɗa (1970), inda ya taɓa jigon soja a karon farko. Daga baya, Barkauskas ya sake komawa zuwa gare ta, yana ba ta ra'ayi mai ban mamaki mafi girman nau'i mai ban sha'awa - a cikin na hudu (1984) da na biyar (1986).
Kamar sauran mawakan Lithuania, Barkauskas yana da matuƙar sha'awar tatsuniyarsa ta asali, yana haɗa harshensa da hanyoyin magana ta zamani ta wata hanya ta musamman. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan mafi ban sha'awa na irin wannan haɗakarwa shine alamar triptych uku (1969).
Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Conservatory, tare da aikin Barkauskas, ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan ilimi da koyarwa - yana aiki a Kwalejin Kiɗa na Vilnius. J. Tallat-Kelpsy, a gidan Republican House of Folk Art, ya koyar da ka'idar (tun 1961) da kuma abun da ke ciki (tun 1988) a cikin Lithuanian State Conservatory. An san mawakin ba kawai a gida ba, har ma a waje. Da yake bayyana ra'ayin daya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da ya rubuta, Barkauskas ya rubuta: "Ina tunanin mutum da makomarsa." Daga ƙarshe, wannan jigon ya ƙaddara babban binciken mai zane na Lithuania.
G. Zhdanova
