Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze (Meliton Balanchivadze) |
Meliton Balanchivadze
M. Balanchivadze yana da farin ciki da ba kasafai ba - don shimfiɗa dutse na farko a cikin kafuwar kaɗe-kaɗe na fasaha na Georgian sannan kuma ya kalli yadda wannan ginin ya girma da haɓaka cikin shekaru 50. D. Arakishvili
M. Balanchivadze ya shiga tarihin al'adun kiɗa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa makarantar mawaƙa ta Georgian. Wani mutum mai aiki na jama'a, mai haske da mai yada farfagandar kide-kiden jama'a na Georgian Balanchivadze ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba daya don ƙirƙirar fasahar kasa.
Mawaƙin nan gaba yana da murya mai kyau tun da wuri, kuma tun yana ƙuruciya ya fara waƙa a cikin mawaƙa daban-daban, na farko a Kutaisi, sa'an nan kuma a Makarantar Tauhidi ta Tbilisi, inda aka nada shi a 1877. Duk da haka, aiki a fagen ruhaniya bai yi nasara ba. jawo hankalin matasa mawaƙa da kuma riga a cikin 1880 Ya shiga cikin singing tawagar na Tbilisi Opera House. A wannan lokacin Balanchivadze ya riga ya sha'awar tarihin mawaƙa na Georgian, tare da manufar inganta shi, ya shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta al'adu. Aiki a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa yana da alaƙa da shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a, kuma yana buƙatar ƙwararrun dabarun mawaƙa. A cikin 1889, Balanchivadze ya shiga cikin Conservatory na St.
Rayuwa da karatu a St. Classes tare da Rimsky-Korsakov, abokantaka tare da A. Lyadov da N. Findeisen ya taimaka wajen kafa nasa m matsayi a cikin tunanin Jojiya mawaƙa. Ya dogara ne a kan ƙwaƙƙwaran bukatuwar alaƙar halitta tsakanin waƙoƙin jama'ar Jojiya da hanyoyin furci waɗanda suka yi kama da al'adar kiɗan Turai gama gari. A St. Petersburg, Balanchivadze ya ci gaba da aiki a kan opera Darejan Insidious (an yi gutsuttsura a farkon 1897 a Tbilisi). Wasan opera ta dogara ne akan waƙar “Tamara the Insidious” na adabin Jojiya A. Tsereteli. A abun da ke ciki na opera da aka jinkirta, kuma ta ga hasken ramp ne kawai a 1926 a Jojiya Opera da Ballet Theater. Bayyanar "Darejan m" shine haifuwar wasan opera ta Georgian.
Bayan Oktoba juyin juya halin Balanchivadze zaune da kuma aiki a Jojiya. Anan, iyawar sa a matsayin mai tsara rayuwar kiɗa, ɗan jama'a da malami sun kasance cikakke. A cikin 1918 ya kafa makarantar kiɗa a Kutaisi, kuma daga 1921 ya jagoranci sashin kiɗa na Kwamitin Ilimi na Jama'ar Georgia. Ayyukan mawallafin sun haɗa da sababbin jigogi: shirye-shiryen mawaƙa na waƙoƙin juyin juya hali, cantata "Glory to ZAGES". Domin shekaru goma na wallafe-wallafe da fasaha na Jojiya a Moscow (1936) an yi sabon bugu na opera Darejan the Insidious. 'Yan ayyukan Balanchivadze sun yi tasiri sosai ga ƙarni na gaba na mawaƙan Jojiya. Manyan nau'ikan wakokinsa sune opera da na soyayya. Mafi kyawun misalan mawallafin mawaƙa-vocal lyrics ana bambanta su ta hanyar plasticity na waƙar, wanda mutum zai iya jin haɗin kai na innations na waƙoƙin Jojiyanci na yau da kullum da romance na gargajiya na Rasha ("Lokacin da na dube ku", "Ina sha'awar). a gare ku har abada”, “Kada ku ji tausayina”, mashahurin duet” Spring, da sauransu).
Wani wuri na musamman a cikin aikin Balanchivadze yana shagaltar da wasan kwaikwayo na lyric-epic opera Darejan the Insidious, wanda aka bambanta ta wurin waƙarsa mai haske, asali na recitatives, wadatar karin waƙoƙi, da abubuwan jituwa masu ban sha'awa. Mawaƙin ba wai kawai yana amfani da ingantattun waƙoƙin jama'a na Georgian ba ne, amma a cikin waƙarsa ya dogara ne akan sifofin halayen tarihin Georgian; wannan yana ba wa opera sabo da asali na launuka na kiɗa. Isar da ƙwararren ƙwararren mataki mataki yana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin aikin, wanda bai rasa mahimmancinsa ba har yau.
L. Rapatskaya
