Tarihin bass sau biyu
Abin da makaɗaɗɗen kaɗe-kaɗe ke yi ba tare da irin wannan mahimmin adadi na kiɗan kamar ninki biyu? Wannan kayan kida mai zaren ruku'u, tare da dunƙule amma mai zurfi, yana ƙawata rukunin ɗakin ɗaki har ma da jazz da sautinsa. Wasu suna sarrafa maye gurbin guitar bass tare da su. Tun yaushe ne bass mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da kuma jan hankalin masu sauraro a duk faɗin duniya, suna wakiltar duk harsunan duniya a lokaci ɗaya, kuma ba tare da buƙatar mai fassara ba?
Contrabass viola. Wataƙila, bass biyu shine kawai kayan kiɗa a duniya wanda tarihin halittarsa da shigar da shi cikin shahararrun al'adu ya cika da irin wannan gibi. Na farko ambaton wannan kirtani kayan aiki ya koma Renaissance.
Ana ɗaukar Violas a matsayin magabata na bass biyu, wanda danginsa har yanzu ana haɗa bass biyu. Biyu bass viola an fara nuna shi a cikin zanensa "Aure a Cana" ta mai zanen Venetian Paolo Veronese a baya a cikin 1563. Ana ɗaukar wannan kwanan wata farkon farkon ƙidayar tarihin bass biyu.
A cikin karni na 5, an fara haɗa viols biyu-bass a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa don opera Orpheus na Claudio Monteverdi kuma an ambaci su cikin adadin guda biyu a cikin makin. A wannan lokacin, an yi bayanin ma'auni na kayan aiki da kansa ta hanyar Michael Pretorius, a lokaci guda kuma ya nuna cewa viola biyu na bass yana da kirtani 6-XNUMX.
Samuwar bass biyu azaman kayan kida mai zaman kansa. Bass biyu a cikin tsarin sa na zamani ya bayyana a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. Wanda ya ƙirƙira shi shine ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar Italiya Michele Todini. 
Shi da kansa ya yi imanin cewa ya halicci babban cello, amma ya kira shi bass biyu. Wani sabon abu shine tsarin kirtani huɗu. Don haka bass biyu ya zama "mai lalata" daga dangi ɗaya - viols zuwa wani - violin, a cewar ɗan wasan Jamus Kurt Sachs.
Gabatarwar farko na bass biyu a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa an rubuta su a Italiya. An yi wannan a cikin 1699 da mawaki D. Aldrovandini a cikin wasan opera "Caesar na Alexandria" a farkon wasan kwaikwayo na Naples.
Abu mafi ban sha'awa shine haɗuwa a hankali na ra'ayoyi guda biyu - "violone" tare da "bass biyu". A saboda wannan dalili, a Italiya ana kiran bass biyu "Violone", a Ingila - Double bass, a Jamus - der Kontrabass, kuma a Faransa - Contrebasse. Sai kawai a cikin 50s na karni na XNUMXth violone a ƙarshe ya zama bass biyu. Kusan lokaci guda, ƙungiyar makada ta Turai sun fara fifita bass biyu. 
A cikin XVIII karni, ya "girma" zuwa solo wasanni, amma tare da uku kirtani a kan kayan aiki.
A cikin karni na XNUMX, Giovanni Bottzini da Franz Simandl sun ci gaba da haɓaka wannan jagorar kiɗan. Kuma a cikin karni na XNUMX, an sami magajin su a cikin mutumin Adolf Mishek da Sergei Koussevitzky.
Ƙarnuka biyu na gwagwarmayar wanzuwa akai-akai ya haifar da ƙirƙirar kayan kida ƙwaƙƙwaran da za su iya yin gogayya da gaɓa mai ƙarfi. Ta hanyar ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na manyan mawaƙa, miliyoyin mutane a yanzu suna bi da jin daɗi ba tare da ɓoyewa ba na motsin hannun maestro akan zaren.
