Matsala mai juyawa |

Matsala mai jujjuyawa - polyphonic. hade da karin wakoki, wanda za a iya rikidewa zuwa wani, asali, tare da taimakon jujjuyawar daya, da yawa (marasa O. zuwa.) ko duk muryoyi (a zahiri O. to.), nau'in madaidaicin madaidaici. Mafi yawan O. zuwa. tare da roƙon duk muryoyin, inda haɗin haɗin keɓaɓɓen ya yi kama da nuni na asali a cikin madubi, abin da ake kira. madubi counterpoint. An kwatanta shi da daidaito na tsaka-tsakin na asali da abubuwan da aka samo (JS Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. 1, fugue G-dur, sanduna 5-7 da 24-26; The Art of Fugue, No. 12). Rashin cika O. zuwa yana da wahala: tazara na haɗin farko yana canzawa a cikin abin da aka samo asali ba tare da siffa mai gani ba. Sau da yawa O. zuwa. kuma bai cika O. zuwa. an haɗa su tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin motsi (a tsaye mai juyawa: DD Shostakovich, fugue E-dur, sanduna 4-6 da 24-26; WA ​​Mozart, Quintet c-moll, uku daga minuet), a kwance kuma sau biyu madaidaicin maki (bai cika ba). a tsaye-tsaye mai jujjuyawa: JS Bach, ƙirƙira kashi biyu a cikin g-moll, sanduna 1-2 da 3-4), ƙaƙƙarfan abin da ke ba da damar sau biyu (ba a cika jujjuyawa tare da sau biyu: JS Bach, Clavier mai kyau, juzu'i 2, fugue a cikin b-moll, sanduna 27-31 da 96-100); Ana kuma amfani da motsin komawa a cikin O. zuwa. zane, rabon tazara na muryoyin sau da yawa yana canzawa. Dabarar O. to. mawaƙa na ƙarni na 20 suna amfani da shi sosai. (A. Schoenberg, Hindemith, RK Shchedrin, da dai sauransu), sau da yawa a hade tare da a baya-yan amfani contrapunent. siffofin (komawa motsi).

References: Bogatyrev SS, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Yuzhak K., Wasu siffofi na tsarin fugue ta JS Bach, M., 1965, §§ 20-21; Taneev SI, Juzu'i daga sigar gabatarwar zuwa littafin "Maganganun Wayar Hannu na Tsananin Rubuce-rubuce ...", a cikin littafin: Taneev S., Daga kimiyya da ilmantarwa. gado, M., 1967. Duba kuma lit. ƙarƙashin labarin Juya batun.

VP Frayonov