Kurai: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, tarihi, nau'ikan, masana'anta, yadda ake wasa

Kurai ya bayyana a zamanin da, an rarraba shi a tsakanin Bashkir, yawan Tatar na Duniya. An yi amfani da shi a asali don rakiyar kiɗa na bukukuwan aure, bukukuwa, a yau yana cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa da ƙungiyoyi.

Menene kurai

An rarraba Kurai azaman rukuni na kayan kida na iska. Mafi yawa, yana kama da sarewa. Yana kama da wani dogon bututu tare da kantunan iska dake jikin.

Samfuran sun bambanta da girman: tsayin tsayi daga 120-1000 mm. Wasu nau'ikan suna sanye da harshe mai bugun ciki, suna ba ku damar sarrafa sautin da kuke fitarwa.

Abu na farko don kayan aiki shine busassun mai tushe na tsire-tsire na dangin Umbeliferae. Ana yin samfuran zamani daga tushe daban-daban: ƙarfe, itace.

Ma'auni, timbre, diatonic kewayon kurai ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban: girman, kayan aiki, fasalin ƙira. A matsakaita, kayan aikin yana da cikakkun octave uku a cikin arsenal. Ma'auni shine haɗin manyan ma'auni na pentatonic guda biyu.

Kurai sauti sabon abu: mai rai, daukaka, melancholy. Yana da wuya a yi waƙa ga irin wannan kiɗan, sau da yawa yana tare da waƙar makogwaro.

Na'urar

Na'urar tana da sauqi qwarai - jiki mai tsayi madaidaici, rami a ciki. Wani lokaci harshe yana samuwa a cikin harka. Akwai ramuka a gefen waje: ta hanyar ɗaure ɗaya ko fiye, mawaƙin yana fitar da sautin da ake buƙata dangane da tsayi da katako.

Tsawon kayan aiki, adadin ramuka a jiki sun bambanta. A classic model yana da wadannan sigogi:

• tsawon - 570-800 mm;
• diamita - 20 mm;
• adadin ramuka - 5 (4 yi ado gefen gaba na shari'ar, 1 - baya);
• diamita - 5-15 mm.

Tarihin asali

Bayanan farko na rubuce-rubuce na kurai ya koma karni na XNUMX-XNUMXth. Amma tarihinsa ya fi tsayi: ba a san takamaiman lokacin da aka haifi ainihin kayan aikin ba. Tatars, Bashkirs suna wasa da shi tun da dadewa.

Na'urorin kiɗa irin su sarewa mutane sun yi amfani da su tun kafin zuwan zamaninmu, sun kasance da yawa, ana samun su a kusan kowace al'adun duniya. Mai yiwuwa, kurai ya zo Tatars, Bashkirs daga makwabta Asiya - Mongols, Kazakhs.

An dade ana takaddama tsakanin Bashkortostan da Tatarstan, wanda daga cikin al'ummar kasar za su iya kiran kurai "kayan aikinsu". Gaskiya ta juya ta kasance a gefen Bashkiria: jamhuriyar ta gudanar da haƙƙin mallaka na kayan aiki a matsayin alamar yanki. A yau an dauke shi a matsayin kayan aikin kasa na Bashkir, ko da yake Tatar kurai ba shi da yawa.

Asalin kurai, a cewar almara na Bashkir, yana da alaƙa da wani matashi wanda ya tsira daga mummunar mutuwa sakamakon ƙirƙira na kayan kiɗa. Mugun khan ya jefar da shi a cikin wani dajin mai kauri, bai da wani abin yi, sai ya yi bututun bututun tsiro, kullum sai ya rika wasa da shi, a hankali ya yi gaba. Don haka cikin mu'ujiza, ba da daɗewa ba ya sami kansa kusa da ƙauyukansa. Mutanen kauye sun ruga da gudu suna jiyo sautin waƙa mai kyau, sun sami labarin yadda khan ya yi da samarin, suka ruga zuwa fada, suka hambarar da wurin. Kuma kurai ya zama abokin Bashkirs na dindindin, a matsayin alamar kubuta daga wahala.

Da farko, maza ne kawai suka buga kayan. Kuraists (mutanen da suke wasa kurai) kafin yin wani aiki, koyaushe suna ba da labarin abin da yake game da shi - wani nau'i na almara, labari, tatsuniya. An girmama waɗannan mutane da daraja, kasancewar su mawaƙa ne, mawaƙa, mawaƙa, ƙwararrun tatsuniyoyi duk sun zama ɗaya.

Tsofaffin kayan kida dole ne a jika su da ruwa kafin aikin. Wasan ya kasance tare da waƙar makogwaro a mafi yawan lokuta.

A cikin karni na XNUMX, malamai da masu tattara bayanan tarihi sun zama masu sha'awar kayan aikin Tatar (Bashkir). An bincika Kurai a hankali, an kwatanta, rarraba.

A cikin 1998, an kafa ƙungiyar Kurai ta Republican a Ufa a karon farko, manufarta ita ce haɓaka al'adun ƙasa, kiyaye abubuwan ruhi, da tallafawa mawaƙa waɗanda suka san dabarun wasan kurai.

Iri-iri na kurai

Baya ga classic iri-iri, akwai adadin wasu gyare-gyare na kurai:

• Kopshe. Buɗe sarewa mai tsayi mai ramuka 2. Dukansu suna a gefen gaba: na farko shine kusan yatsu 6 daga gefen ƙasa, na gaba shine yatsu biyar mafi girma.
• Agach. Busar sarewa ta katako. An yi su ne daga nau'ikan da aka ƙayyade - maple, viburnum, goro. Yawan ramuka ya bambanta - 4-6. Tsawon - 25-30 cm.
• Copper. Slotted kayan aikin bushewa. Abubuwan samarwa - tagulla, azurfa, aluminum. Diamita na samfurin shine 20-23 mm, tsawon jikin shine 26-26,5 cm. Yawan ramuka 7 ne.
• Kazan. Dogon busar sarewa mai siffar mazugi. Tushen ya riga ya kasance a saman ta 10-15 mm. Jimlar tsawon shine 58-80 cm. Ramin Play suna cikin adadin guda 2, 5,6,7.
• Nogai. Tsawon sarewa mai tsayi mai ramuka biyu, tsayin jiki 69 - 77,5 cm. Ana ɗaukarsa nau'in kurai na mace.
• Kurai daga bambaro. An sanye shi da harshe, na rukunin wayoyin salula ne. Tushen jiki shine bambaro na tsire-tsire na hatsi. An yanke adadin ramukan bisa ga shawarar mawaƙin. An yanke ƙaramin harshe, kimanin tsayin cm 2 kuma faɗin milimita biyu, a cikin rufaffiyar ɓangaren bambaro.

Yaya kurai

Bisa ga dukkan canons, ya kamata a yi kayan aikin jama'a daga tushen tsire-tsire na laima. Wadannan suna da kyau:

• shugaban mala'iku;
• strut;
• costal shuka

Shuka da aka zaɓa bai kamata ya sami lahani ba, ya zama santsi, har ma daga ciki da waje. Mafi kyawun lokacin tattara kayan shine ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, bayan ƙarshen furen ganye.

An yanke samfurin da aka zaɓa a tushen, an bushe shi sosai a cikin ɗakin da aka kare daga haske. Bushewa a waje yana yiwuwa. Da zarar kara ya bushe gaba daya, an ba shi tsawon da ake bukata, an yanke ramuka a cikin adadin da ake bukata.

Concert kurai ana yin su ne daga yankakken veneer. An ba da izinin fasaha a cikin 1976, wanda ya ba da damar samar da kayan aiki a kamfanonin masana'antu. Tsarin ba ya buƙatar lokaci mai yawa, ana aiwatar da shi ta amfani da hanyoyin zamani da fasaha.

Yadda ake wasa kurai

Wasa kurai yana buƙatar sarrafa numfashi yadda ya kamata. Ana fitar da sautin tsayin da ake so ta hanyar rufe (buɗe) ramukan da ke tare da jiki. Mafi girman adadin ramuka, mafi yawan kewayon kayan aiki, girman ikonsa na samar da sauti.

Mawaƙin yana sanya jiki a tsakanin haƙora, yana ɗan rufe shi da leɓe na sama, sannan ya buɗe ɗan ƙaramin leɓe, akasin haka. Ƙarshen harshe yana kan gefen kayan aiki. Lokacin Wasa, leɓuna ba sa rufewa, harshe ba ya fita daga gefen. Kuna iya yin hakan ta hanyar samun gogewa, horarwa koyaushe.

Waƙoƙin kurai na ƙasa suna tare da waƙar makogwaro.

Amfani da kayan aiki

Kurai wani bangare ne na makada na kayan kida na jama'a, a zahiri suna kallon cikin gungun masu yin kidan Bashkir, Tatar. Ya dace da yin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi, raye-raye. Kayan aiki sau da yawa solos - sautunansa masu daɗi baya buƙatar ƙarawa.