Piano: abun da ke ciki na kayan aiki, girma, tarihi, sauti, abubuwan ban sha'awa

Piano (a cikin Italiyanci - piano) - nau'in piano ne, ƙaramin sigarsa. Wannan allo na kirtani ne, kayan kida na sha'awa, wanda kewayon sa sau 88 ne. An yi amfani da shi don kunna kiɗa a ƙananan wurare.

Zane da aiki

Manyan hanyoyi guda huɗu waɗanda suka haɗa da zayyana su ne na'urorin bugun kaɗa da maɓalli, hanyoyin feda, jiki, da na'urorin sauti.

Bangaren katako na baya na "jiki", yana kare duk hanyoyin ciki, yana ba da ƙarfi - futor. A kan shi akwai allon fegi wanda aka yi da maple ko beech - virbelbank. Ana tura turaku a ciki kuma ana miƙe zaren.

Piano bene - garkuwa, kimanin 1 cm lokacin farin ciki daga allunan spruce da yawa. Yana nufin tsarin sauti, an haɗa shi zuwa gaban futor, yana ƙara girgiza. Girman piano ya dogara ne akan adadin zaren da tsayin allon sauti.

An murƙushe firam ɗin baƙin ƙarfe a sama, yana sa piano yayi nauyi. Matsakaicin nauyin piano ya kai kilogiram 200.

Maɓallin madannai yana kan allo, an ɗan matsa gaba, an rufe shi da cornice tare da tsayawar kiɗa (tsaya don kiɗa). Danna faranti tare da yatsunsu yana canza ƙarfin zuwa guduma, wanda ya buga kirtani kuma ya cire bayanin kula. Lokacin da aka cire yatsan yatsa, mai damp ɗin ya rufe abin da ya faru.

An haɗa tsarin damper tare da hamma kuma yana samuwa a wani yanki mai mahimmanci.

Zaren ƙarfe da aka naɗe da tagulla a hankali suna shimfiɗawa yayin wasan. Don mayar da su elasticity, kana bukatar ka kira wani m master.

Maɓallai nawa ne piano ke da shi

Yawancin maɓallai 88 ne kawai, waɗanda 52 farare ne, 36 baƙi ne, kodayake adadin maɓallan wasu piano ya bambanta. Sunan farin yayi daidai da bayanin kula guda 7 a tsari. Ana maimaita wannan saitin a duk faɗin madannai. Nisa daga wannan bayanin C zuwa wancan shine octave. Ana kiran maɓallan baƙin suna dangane da wurin su dangane da fari: a dama - kaifi, a hagu - lebur.

Girman farar makullin shine 23mm * 145mm, maɓallan baƙi sune 9mm * 85mm.

Ana buƙatar ƙarin don cire sautin "mawaƙa" na kirtani (har zuwa 3 a kowace latsa).

Menene fedar piano don?

Daidaitaccen kayan aiki yana da ƙafafu guda uku, waɗanda dukkansu ke wadatar da waƙar da motsin rai:

• Hagu yana sa raƙuman ruwa su yi rauni. Hammers suna matsawa kusa da zaren, rata ya bayyana a tsakanin su, tazarar ya zama karami, bugun ya yi rauni.
• Ana amfani da dama kafin ko bayan danna rikodin, yana ɗaga dampers, duk kirtani suna buɗewa sosai, suna iya sauti lokaci guda. Wannan yana ba da launin sabon abu ga waƙar.
• Tsakanin tsakiya yana muffles da sauti, sanya wani laushi mai laushi tsakanin igiyoyi da guduma, yana ba ku damar yin wasa har ma da dare, ba zai yi aiki don damun baƙi ba. Wasu kayan aikin suna ba da tudu don cire ƙafar.

Mafi sau da yawa akwai kayan aiki tare da fedal biyu. Yayin wasan, ana danna su tare da tsayawa. Wannan ya fi dacewa fiye da kakannin clavichord: levers na musamman sun motsa gwiwoyi.

Tarihin piano

1397 - na farko da aka ambata a Italiya game da mawaƙa tare da hanyar da aka zana don fitar da sauti daidai. Rashin lahani na na'urar shine rashin kuzari a cikin kiɗan.

Daga ƙarni na 15 zuwa na 18, clavichords masu kaɗa kaɗa sun bayyana. An daidaita ƙarar ya danganta da irin ƙarfin da aka danna maɓalli. Amma sautin ya dushe da sauri.

Farkon ƙarni na 18 - Bartolomeo Cristofori ya ƙirƙira tsarin tsarin piano na zamani.

1800 - J. Hawkins ya kirkiro piano na farko.

1801 – M. Muller ya ƙirƙiri kayan kida iri ɗaya kuma ya fito da takalmi.

A ƙarshe, tsakiyar karni na 19 - kayan aiki yana ɗaukar kyan gani. Kowane masana'anta ya ɗan canza tsarin ciki, amma babban ra'ayin ya kasance iri ɗaya.

Girman Piano da iri

Ana iya bambanta ƙungiyoyi 4:

• Gida (acoustic / dijital). Yana auna kusan 300 kg, tsawo 130 cm.
• Majalisar ministoci. Mafi ƙanƙanta a girman. Yana auna 200 kg, tsayi 1 m.
• Salon. nauyi 350 kg, tsawo 140 cm. Ya zama kayan ado na ciki na azuzuwan makaranta, ƙananan zaure, gidajen abinci, cibiyoyin nishaɗi daban-daban.
• Concert. Yana auna 500 kg. Tsawon 130 cm, tsawon 150 cm. Studios da Orchestras suna alfahari da su saboda ƙawancen katako na katako.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mafi girman samfurin yana auna fiye da 1 ton, tsayinsa shine mita 3,3.

Mafi mashahuri nau'in shine majalisar. Ana auna faɗin ta hanyar madannai, wanda zai iya kaiwa cm 150. Yana kama da m.

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin piano da babban piano shi ne cewa ana amfani da na ƙarshen a cikin manyan dakuna saboda yawan sautinsa da kuma girman girmansa, sabanin piano da ake amfani da shi a cikin gine-ginen zama. Ana shigar da hanyoyin ciki na piano a tsaye, yana da girma, an shigar da shi kusa da bango.

Shahararrun mawaƙa da pianists

Yana da matukar mahimmanci don fara haɓaka ƙwarewa tare da yara masu shekaru 3-4, don haɓaka dabino mai faɗi. Yana taimakawa yin wasa da fasaha. Yawancin masu wasan pian sun kasance mawaƙan ayyukansu. Yana da wuya a zama mawaƙi mai nasara ta hanyar yin abubuwan wasu mutane.

1732 - Lodovico Giustini ya rubuta sonata na farko na duniya musamman don piano.

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman mutane a tarihin kiɗa na duniya shine Ludwig van Beethoven. Ya rubuta ayyuka don piano, piano concertos, violin, cello. Lokacin da ake yin rubutun, ya yi amfani da duk sanannun nau'ikan da ke akwai.

Frederic Chopin mawaƙi ne na virtuoso daga Poland. Ayyukansa an halicce su ne don aikin solo, abubuwan halitta na musamman ba za a iya kwatanta su da wani abu ba. Masu sauraren kide-kide na Chopin sun lura da hasken da ba a saba gani ba na taɓa hannayen mawaƙa akan maɓallan.

Franz Liszt – Abokin hamayyar Chopin, mawaki, malami daga Hungary. Ya ba da wasanni fiye da 1000 a cikin 1850s, bayan haka ya tafi ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga wani dalili.

Johann Sebastian Bach ya rubuta ayyuka sama da 1000 a cikin kowane nau'i banda opera. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: London Bach (kamar yadda ake kira mawaki) ya ragu sosai, an buga kasa da 10 na duk abubuwan halitta.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, a lokacin yaro, da sauri ya ƙware da fasaha, kuma tun yana saurayi ya riga ya yi wasa kamar babba. Ƙwararrun Peter Ilyich suna cikin ɗakin karatu na kiɗa na duniya.

Sergei Rachmaninov ya iya shimfiɗa hannunsa kusan 2 octaves. Etudes sun tsira, suna tabbatar da gwanintar mawaki. A cikin aikinsa, ya goyi bayan romanticism na karni na 19.

Sha'awar kiɗa yana da tasiri mai kyau akan kwakwalwa da zuciya. Yana burge tunanin, yana sa ku rawar jiki.