Xylophone: bayanin kayan aiki, sauti, abun da ke ciki, iri, amfani

xylophone kayan kida ne wanda ke da tsari mai sauƙi da kuma wani tsohon tarihi wanda ya shafe shekaru dubbai. Duk da alamun farko, masu sana'a ne kawai zasu iya yin sauti kamar yadda ya kamata.

Menene xylophone

Wayar xylophone na kayan kida ne na kaɗe-kaɗe (“dangi” mafi kusa shine wayar ƙarfe). Yana da wani fage. Yana kama da saitin katako na katako masu girma dabam. Don cire sauti, kuna buƙatar buga su da sanduna na musamman (hammers).

Kowace mashaya a cikin abun da ke ciki an daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman bayanin kula. Kewayon sauti na kayan aikin ƙwararru shine octaves 3.

xylophone yana sauti daban-daban, duk ya dogara da kayan sanduna (rubber, filastik, karfe), tasirin tasiri. Timbre daga taushi zuwa kaifi, kama da dannawa yana yiwuwa.

Saita xylophone

A tsakiyar na'urar akwai firam wanda, ta hanyar kwatankwacin maɓallan piano, an jera tubalan katako a cikin layuka biyu. Kowane katako yana kwance akan kushin roba na kumfa, tsakanin kushin da katako akwai bututu na musamman, wanda manufarsa shine haɓaka sauti. Bututun Resonator timbre suna canza sautin, sanya shi haske, mai bayyanawa.

Don maɓallan, ana zabar katako mai mahimmanci. Kafin ƙirƙirar kayan aiki, ɓangarorin katako suna bushe sosai, wani lokacin aikin bushewa yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Nisa na kowane mashaya daidai ne, tsayin ya bambanta dangane da tsayin da ake buƙatar karɓar sauti yayin Wasa.

Suna yin sauti da sanduna. Standard sa - 2 guda. Wasu mawaƙa suna iya jure wa sanduna uku, huɗu. Kayan aikin su na iya bambanta.

Tukwici na sanduna suna da siffar zagaye, an rufe su a cikin fata, ji, roba - dangane da yanayin yanki na kiɗa.

Menene sautin xylophone?

Wayar xylophone tana yin sauti da ban mamaki, ba zato ba tsammani. An haɗa shi a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, gungu, yana so ya nuna wani shiri na musamman. Kayan aiki yana iya haifar da ruɗi na cizon haƙora, wani raɗaɗi mai ban tsoro, ɗimbin ƙafafu. Ya yi daidai da abubuwan da suka faru na manyan haruffa, yanayin ayyukan. Yawancin sautunan da aka yi sun bushe, dannawa.

Virtuosos suna iya "matsi" kowane nau'i na sautunan daga zane - daga huda, mai ban tsoro zuwa m, haske.

Tarihin kayan aiki

Samfuran kayan kida na farko masu kama da xylophone sun bayyana fiye da shekaru dubu 2 da suka gabata. Ba a kiyaye su ba - tsoffin zane-zane da aka samu a yankin Asiya ta zamani, Latin Amurka, da Afirka sun shaida wanzuwar abubuwa.

A karo na farko a Turai, an kwatanta irin wannan zane a cikin karni na XNUMX. Don sauƙi na ci gaba, mawaƙa masu yawo sun ƙaunace shi, har zuwa karni na XNUMX an yi amfani da su musamman.

Shekara ta 1830 ta nuna sauyi a tarihin xylophone. Maigidan Belarushiyanci M. Guzikov ya dauki nauyin inganta zane. Kwararrun ya shirya faranti na katako a cikin wani tsari, a cikin layuka 4, ya kawo bututun mai resonating daga ƙasa. Sabuntawa sun ba da damar fadada kewayon samfurin har zuwa octaves 2,5.

Ba da daɗewa ba sabon abu ya ja hankalin ƙwararrun mawaƙa da mawaƙa. xylophone ya zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar makaɗa, daga baya ya zama mai yiwuwa a yi sassan solo.

Bayan shekaru 100, wani canji ya faru a bayyanar karfen katako. Maimakon layuka 4, 2 sun rage, an shirya sanduna kamar makullin piano. Kewayon ya zarce octaves 3, yana sa kayan aikin ya zama mai sassauƙa da faɗaɗa damar kiɗan sa. A yau, xylophone ƴan wasan pop, mawaƙa, da mawakan solophone ke amfani da su sosai.

Iri-iri na xylophone

Iri-iri na xylophone sun warwatse ko'ina cikin duniya. Ga kadan daga cikinsu:

• Balafon - na kowa a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka. Tushen yana ƙunshe da allunan 15-20 waɗanda aka yi da katako mai ƙarfi, waɗanda aka sanya masu resonators a ƙarƙashinsu.
• Timbila kayan aikin ƙasa ne na Jamhuriyar Mozambique. Maɓallan katako suna haɗe da igiyoyi, 'ya'yan itacen massala suna aiki a matsayin resonators.
• Mokkin samfurin Japan ne.
• Vibraphone - Amurkawa ne suka ƙirƙira a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. Siffar - maɓallan ƙarfe, kasancewar motar lantarki.
• Marimba wani nau'in kayan aiki ne na Afirka, Latin Amurka, wani yanayi na musamman shine sanduna tare da kawunan roba, kabewa azaman resonator.

Ana iya rarraba samfuran zuwa:

• Diatonic - mai sauƙin koya, faranti suna samar da jere guda ɗaya, suna maimaita tsari na maɓallan fararen piano.
• Chromatic - yana da wahalar yin wasa: ana shirya maɓallan a cikin layuka biyu, suna wakiltar jerin maɓallan piano baki da fari. Amfanin samfurin shine faffadar damar kiɗa don sake haifar da sautuna.

Amfani

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: da farko an yi amfani da kayan aikin ne kawai azaman kayan aikin jama'a. A yau ana amfani da shi ta hanyar mawaƙa na tagulla, symphony, iri-iri na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Akwai ƙungiyoyin xylophonists kawai.

Sautunan xylophone suna nan a cikin wasu dutsen, shuɗi, abubuwan haɗin jazz. Akwai lokuta da yawa na wasan kwaikwayo na solo ta amfani da wannan kayan aikin.

Shahararrun Masu Wasa

Na farko xylophonist virtuoso shine mahaliccin sigar zamani na kayan aiki, Belarusian M. Guzikov. Bayan haka, an bayyana baiwar K. Mikhev, A. Poddubny, B. Becker, E. Galoyan da sauransu da yawa.