Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

Hoffman ETA

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 Yuni 1822, Berlin) - marubucin Jamus, mawaki, jagora, mai zane. Dan wani jami'i, ya sami digiri na shari'a a Jami'ar Königsberg. Ya tsunduma cikin wallafe-wallafe da zane-zane, ya fara karatun kiɗa tare da kawunsa, sa'an nan kuma tare da organist H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), daga baya a Berlin ya dauki darussan abun ciki daga IF Reichardt. Ya kasance ma'aikacin kotu a Glogow, Poznan, Plock. Tun 1804, da jihar mashawarci a Warsaw, inda ya zama mai shirya na Philharmonic Society, kade-kade na kade-kade, aiki a matsayin shugaba da kuma mawaki. Bayan da sojojin Faransa suka mamaye Warsaw (1807), Hoffmann ya koma Berlin. A cikin 1808-1813 ya kasance madugu, mawaki kuma mai yin wasan kwaikwayo a Bamberg, Leipzig da Dresden. Daga 1814 ya zauna a Berlin, inda ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga shari'a a cikin manyan hukumomin shari'a da kwamitocin shari'a. Anan Hoffmann ya rubuta muhimman ayyukan adabinsa. An buga labarinsa na farko a shafukan Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), wanda ya kasance ma'aikaci tun 1809.

Wani fitaccen wakilin Jamus romantic makaranta, Hoffmann ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa romantic music aesthetics da kuma zargi. Tuni a matakin farko na ci gaban kiɗan soyayya, ya tsara fasalinsa kuma ya nuna mummunan matsayi na mawaƙin soyayya a cikin al'umma. Hoffmann ya yi tunanin kida a matsayin wata duniya ta musamman da za ta iya bayyana ma mutum ma'anar ji da sha'awar sa, da kuma fahimtar yanayin kowane abu mai ban mamaki da wanda ba a iya bayyanawa. A cikin harshen wallafe-wallafen romanticism, Hoffmann ya fara rubuta game da ainihin kiɗa, game da ayyukan kiɗa, mawaƙa da masu wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin aikin KV Gluck, WA Mozart da kuma musamman L. Beethoven, ya nuna abubuwan da ke haifar da jagorancin soyayya. Kyakkyawar ra'ayi na kida da kyan gani na Hoffmann sune gajerun labarunsa: "Cavalier Gluck" ("Ritter Gluck", 1809), "Wahalhalun Kiɗa na Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister" ("Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden", , "Don Giovanni" (1810), tattaunawa "The Poet and the Composer" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1813). An haɗa labarun Hoffmann daga baya a cikin tarin Fantasies a cikin Ruhun Calot (Fantasiesucke a cikin Callot's Manier, 1813-1814).

A cikin gajerun labarai, da kuma a cikin ɓangarorin tarihin rayuwar Johannes Kreisler, an gabatar da su a cikin littafi mai suna The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann ya ƙirƙiri hoto mai ban tausayi na mawaƙin da aka yi wahayi, Kreisler's “mahaukaci. Kapellmeister", wanda ya yi tawaye da falsafanci kuma ya sha wahala. Ayyukan Hoffmann sun rinjayi kyawawan kayan ado na KM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Hotunan shayari na Hoffmann sun kasance cikin ayyukan mawaƙa da yawa - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes ("Coppelia"), F. Busoni ("Zabin Amarya"), P. Hindemith ("Cardilac") da sauransu. wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Zinnober”, “Princess Brambilla”, da sauransu. Hoffmann shi ne jarumin operas na J. Offenbach (“Tales of Hoffmann”, 1881) da G. Lachchetti (“Hoffmann”, 1912).

Hoffmann shine marubucin ayyukan kiɗa, ciki har da wasan opera na soyayya na farko na Jamus Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), opera Aurora (1811-12; yiwu post. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg), symphonies, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ƙungiyoyin ɗaki. A cikin 1970, an fara buga tarin zaɓaɓɓun ayyukan kiɗa na Hoffmann a Mainz (FRG).

Abubuwan da aka tsara: aiki, ed. ta G. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; ayyukan waka. G. Seidel ne ya gyara. Gabatarwa ta Hans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; Novellas na kiɗa da rubuce-rubuce tare da haruffa da shigarwar diary. Richard Münnich, Weimar, 1961 ya zaɓa kuma ya bayyana shi; рус. per. - Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Ilimin Kiɗa", 1926, Babu No 3-4; Rerman VE, wasan opera na soyayya na Jamus, a cikin littafinsa: Opera House. Labarai da bincike, M., 1961, p. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., Maƙasudin da gaske a cikin kayan ado na ETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, No 8.

CA Marcus