Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya |

Galina Ustvolskaya

Wakilin farko na bayan yakin sabon kiɗa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Galina Ustvolskaya ya fara ƙirƙirar abubuwan da aka tsara ta, waɗanda aka rubuta cikin cikakken yaren kiɗa, riga a ƙarshen 1940s - farkon 1950s - don haka ta fara aikinta shekaru goma da rabi a baya fiye da marubutan ƙarni na sittin, waɗanda suka kai ga balaga kawai a cikin shekarun "narke." Duk rayuwarta ta kasance mai hazaka, bare wacce ba ta cikin makarantu ko ƙungiyoyin kirkire-kirkire.

Ustvolskaya aka haife shi a 1919 a Petrograd. A cikin 1937-47. karatu abun da ke ciki tare da Shostakovich a Leningrad Conservatory. A lokacin da ya ƙare, da musamman ascetic da kuma a lokaci guda musamman m harshen Ustvolskaya ya riga ya ci gaba. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ta kuma ƙirƙira ayyuka da yawa don ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda har yanzu ya dace da al'adar babban salon kiɗan Soviet. Daga cikin masu yin wadannan abubuwan da aka tsara akwai Yevgeny Mravinsky.

A cikin marigayi 1950s Ustvolskaya tashi daga malaminta, gaba daya watsi da m sulhu da kuma gudanar da rayuwa na recluse, ba sosai arziki a waje events. Domin kusan rabin karni na kerawa, ta halitta kawai 25 qagaggun. Wasu lokuta shekaru da yawa sun wuce tsakanin bayyanar sabbin ayyukanta. Ita da kanta ta gaskata cewa za ta iya yin halitta ne kawai lokacin da ta ji cewa Allah ne ya rubuta mata kiɗa. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, lakabin ayyukan Ustvolskaya sun jaddada ma'anar wanzuwar su da ruhaniya ba tare da wata shakka ba, sun ƙunshi matani na abubuwan addini. "Rubuce-rubucena ba addini ba ne, amma babu shakka na ruhaniya, domin a cikinsu na ba da kaina duka: raina, zuciyata," in ji Ustvolskaya daga baya a cikin daya daga cikin tambayoyin da ba a sani ba.

Ustvolskaya wani abu ne na musamman na Petersburg. Ba ta iya tunanin rayuwarta ba tare da garinsu ba kuma kusan ba ta bar shi ba. Jin "kukan da ke karkashin kasa", wanda ya cika yawancin ayyukanta, a fili yana nuna zuriyarsa zuwa ga fa'idodin Gogol, Dostoevsky da Kharms. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin wasiƙunta, mawakiyar ta ce aikinta “waƙar waƙa ce daga rami mai baki.” Yawancin abubuwan haɗin Ustvolskaya an rubuta su don ƙanana amma sau da yawa kayan aikin kayan aiki na musamman. Ciki har da – duk ta na baya symphonies (1979-90) da kuma ayyukan da ta kira "compositions" (1970-75). Misali, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo hudu ne kawai ke shiga cikin Symphony ta Hudu (Addu'a, 1987), amma Ustvolskaya ta ki amincewa da kiran wadannan ayyukan "kidan dakin" - ruhin su na ruhaniya da na kida yana da karfi sosai. Bari mu nakalto kalmomin mawaki Georgy Dorokhov (1984-2013), wanda ya mutu ba tare da wani lokaci ba (aikinsa za a iya la'akari da shi a hanyoyi da yawa a matsayin ruhaniya al'adunmu na Ustvolskaya "matsananciyar hermitage"): "Matsakaicin rashin daidaituwa, rashin daidaituwa na abubuwan da aka tsara ba su ƙyale mu mu ba. don kiran su chamber. Kuma ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ya fito ne daga tunanin mawaƙan da aka tattara, wanda ba ya ba da damar tunanin ba kawai ƙari ba, amma kawai ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.

Gaskiyar fitarwa ta zo Ustvolskaya a ƙarshen 1980s, lokacin da fitattun mawakan ƙasashen waje suka ji abubuwan da ta yi a Leningrad. A cikin 1990s - 2000s, da dama na kasa da kasa bukukuwa na Ustvolskaya music ya faru (a Amsterdam, Vienna, Bern, Warsaw da sauran Turai birane), da kuma Hamburg buga gidan Sikorski samu 'yancin buga dukan ayyukanta. Ƙirƙirar Ustvolskaya ya zama batun bincike da rubuce-rubuce. A lokaci guda, tafiye-tafiye na farko na mawaki ya faru a ƙasashen waje, inda masu yin ayyukanta sune Mstislav Rostropovich, Charles Mackerras, Reinbert de Leeuw, Frank Denyer, Patricia Kopatchinskaya, Markus Hinterhäuser da sauran shahararrun mawaƙa. A Rasha, mafi kyawun fassarar Ustvolskaya sun hada da Anatoly Vedernikov, Alexei Lyubimov, Oleg Malov, Ivan Sokolov, Fedor Amirov.

Ustvolskaya na karshe abun da ke ciki (Na biyar Symphony "Amin") an haife shi a 1990. Bayan haka, a cewarta, ta daina jin hannun allahntaka yana rubuta mata sababbin abubuwa. Yana da halayyar cewa aikinta ya ƙare tare da Soviet Leningrad, kuma wahayi ya bar ta a cikin "gangster Petersburg" na 1990 na kyauta. A cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka wuce, ba ta shiga cikin rayuwar kiɗa na birninta ba, kuma da wuya ta yi magana da masana kiɗa da 'yan jarida. Galina Ustvolskaya ta rasu tana da girma a shekara ta 2006. Mutane kaɗan ne kawai suka halarci jana'izar ta. A cikin shekara na mawaki ta 90th birthday (2009), ranar tunawa concert ta qagaggun da aka gudanar a Moscow da kuma St.

Source: meloman.ru