Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny |
Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny
Mawaƙin Faransanci. Memba Cibiyar Faransa (1813). Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Jesuit da ke Saint-Omer. Lokacin yaro, ya koyi wasa da violin, cikin tsari. kiɗa bai sami ilimi ba. Daga 1749 ya zauna a Paris, inda, a karkashin rinjayar Italian opera buffa, ya fara nazarin abun da ke ciki tare da biyu bassist da comp. P. Gianotti A cikin 1759, M. ya fara halarta a karon tare da wasan opera mai ban dariya na farko Les aveux indiscrets (Kasuwa Mai Kyau a Saint-Germain, Paris), yana ɓoye sunansa saboda taka tsantsan. Sai daga baya, lokacin da nasarar aikinsa. aka bayar, mawakin ya yanke shawarar yin magana a fili. An rubuta manyan operas a cikin lokacin 1759-77 (an shirya su a filin wasa, kuma bayan sun rufe, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedie Italienne). Mn. M. ya ƙirƙira wasan operas tare da haɗin gwiwar mawallafin librettist M. Zh. Seden. A 1800-02 ya kasance mai duba na Conservatory. M., tare da FA Philidor da E. Duny, su ne mahaliccin wasan opera mai ban dariya, sabon salo wanda ke wakiltar fasahar ci gaba na Faransa a cikin Haskakawa. Ya rabu da al'adun tsohuwar gidan wasan opera tare da al'adunsa. Samfura M. suna kusa da "mai ban dariya mai mahimmanci," kamar yadda ya yi tunani a cikin kyawun sa. D. Tsarin Diderot. Mawaƙin bai yi watsi da fantasy-tale ("Beautiful Arsena", 1773), na asali da kuma idyllic. yanayi ("Sarki da Manomi", 1762), abubuwa na farce ko tsattsauran ra'ayi ("The Fooled Kadi", 1761; "Alina, Sarauniya na Golconda", 1766), amma gwaninta ya fi bayyana a fili a cikin m. wasan kwaikwayo na iyali ("Deserter", 1769; "Felix, ko Foundling", 1777). A cikin jagorancinsa, aikin M. yana kusa da jin dadi na wancan lokacin (ya yi amfani da shi, musamman, ga da'irar hotunan halayen zanen JBS Chardin, yana ba da kyauta ga shi, duk da haka, a cikin mahimmancin fasaha). Hankalin jarumai. Wasan kwaikwayo na barkwanci M. mutane ne na yau da kullun da ke aiki a cikin al'amuran yau da kullun - dangin manomi, bourgeois, manoma, sojoji. Amma, sabanin yawancin wasan operas Philidor da Dunya, nau'in M. da ban dariya. abubuwan da ke cikin ci gaban makircin suna faɗuwa a bango kuma suna inuwa kawai wasan kwaikwayo mai gudana. Ana isar da tashin hankali na ji ta hanya mai haske. kiɗan da ke cike da pathos masu daraja da ɗaukaka hoton jarumi mai tawali'u a sabuwar hanya lokacin da yake shan wahala na gaske. Samfura M. ya shaida ilimin ɗan adam na ban dariya. opera, game da yanayin zamanta na lafiya, halayyar kafin juyin juya hali. shekarun da suka gabata. Sabbin ayyuka na ado sun buƙaci faɗaɗa kayan leƙen asiri. albarkatun ban dariya. operas: muhimmancin aria mai tsanani (wanda, duk da haka, bai kawar da soyayya da ma'aurata daga wasan opera ba), kuma wasan kwaikwayo ya karu a cikin M. ensembles, akwai raka'a na recitatives (a cikin rikice-rikice masu kaifi), masu launi da nunawa. Orc. abubuwan da ke faruwa, abubuwan da ke cikin overture da haɗin kai na alama da opera suna zurfafawa. Ch. ikon suit-va M. - a cikin melodic. kyautar mawaki; nasara da shaharar ayyukan wasan opera. An samar da fili, kai tsaye, sabo, faransanci na kusa. waƙar farin ciki.
Abubuwan da aka tsara: 18 operas, ciki har da The Cadi Fooled (Le cadi dupe, 1761, Fair Trade Center a Saint-Germain, Paris), The King and the Farmer (Le roi et le fermier, 1762, Comedie Italienne, Paris), Rose da Cola (Rose). et Colas, 1764, ibid.), Aline, Sarauniya Golconde (Aline, reine de Golconde, 1766, Opera, Paris), Philemon da Baucis (1766, tr. Duke na Orleans, Bagnoles), Deserter (Le deserteur, 1769, "Comédie Italienne", Paris), Kyawawan Arsene (La belle Arsène, 1773, Fontainebleau), Felix, ko Foundling (Félix ou L'entant trouvé, 1777, ibid.).
References: Laurence L. de la, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa na karni na 1937, trans. daga Faransanci, M., 110, p. 16-1789; Livanova TN, Tarihin kiɗan Yammacin Turai har zuwa 1940, M., 530, p. 35-1908; Pougin A., Monsigny et son temps, P., 1955; Druilhe P., Monsigny, P., 1957; Schmid EF, Mozart, da Monsigny, in: Mozart-Jahrbuch. 1957, Salzburg, XNUMX.
TN Livanova
