Enrique Granados |

Enrique Granados

Farfaɗowar kiɗan Mutanen Espanya na ƙasa yana da alaƙa da aikin E. Granados. Kasancewa a cikin motsi na Renacimiento, wanda ya mamaye kasar a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, ya ba wa mawaƙan kwarin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar samfuran kiɗa na gargajiya na sabon shugabanci. Hotunan Renacimiento, musamman mawaƙa I. Albeniz, M. de Falla, X. Turina, sun nemi fitar da al'adun Sipaniya daga durkushewa, da farfado da asalinsa, da haɓaka kiɗan ƙasa zuwa matakin manyan makarantun mawaƙa na Turai. Granados, da sauran mawaƙan Mutanen Espanya, sun sami tasiri sosai daga F. Pedrel, mai tsarawa kuma jagoran akida na Renacimiento, wanda a ka'ida ya tabbatar da hanyoyin ƙirƙirar kiɗan Mutanen Espanya na gargajiya a cikin ma'anar "Don Kiɗanmu".

Granados ya sami darussan kiɗa na farko daga abokin mahaifinsa. Ba da da ewa iyalin suka koma Barcelona, ​​​​inda Granados ya zama dalibi na sanannen malamin X. Pujol (piano). A lokaci guda, yana nazarin abun da ke ciki tare da Pedrel. Godiya ga taimakon wani majiɓinci, wani matashi mai basira ya tafi Paris. A can ya inganta a conservatory tare da C. Berio a piano da J. Massenet a cikin abun da ke ciki (1887). A cikin ajin Berio, Granados ya sadu da R. Viñes, daga baya wani mashahurin ɗan wasan pian na Spain.

Bayan zaman shekaru biyu a Paris, Granados ya koma ƙasarsa. Ya cika da tsare-tsare masu ƙirƙira. A cikin 1892, ana yin raye-rayen Mutanen Espanya don ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗe. Ya yi nasarar yin kaɗaici a matsayin ɗan wasan piano a wani kade-kaɗe da I. Albeniz ya gudanar, wanda ya gudanar da “Rhapsody na Mutanen Espanya” na piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa. Tare da P. Casals, Granados yana ba da kide-kide a cikin biranen Spain. "Granados pianist ya haɗu a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa mai laushi da sauti mai ban sha'awa tare da fasaha mai ban sha'awa: Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance mai basira da fasaha," in ji mawallafin Mutanen Espanya, pianist da masanin kiɗa H. Nin.

Granados ya sami nasarar haɗa ayyukan ƙirƙira da yin ayyuka tare da na zamantakewa da na ilmantarwa. A 1900 ya shirya Society of Classical Concerts a Barcelona, ​​da kuma a 1901 Academy of Music, wanda ya shugabanci har mutuwarsa. Granados yana neman haɓaka 'yancin kai a cikin ɗalibansa - matasa 'yan pianists. Ya sadaukar da karatunsa ga wannan. Haɓaka sababbin hanyoyin fasaha na piano, ya rubuta wani littafi na musamman "Hanyar Pedalization".

Mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren abubuwan ƙirƙira na Granados shine abubuwan piano. Tuni a cikin sake zagayowar farko na wasan kwaikwayo "Rawan Mutanen Espanya" (1892-1900), a zahiri ya haɗa abubuwa na ƙasa tare da dabarun rubutu na zamani. Mawaƙin ya yaba da aikin babban ɗan wasan Spain F. Goya. Abin sha'awa ga zane-zane da zane-zane daga rayuwar "Macho" da "Mach", mawaki ya kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu da ake kira "Goyesques".

Dangane da wannan zagayowar, Granados ya rubuta opera mai suna iri ɗaya. Ya zama babban aikin marubucin na ƙarshe. Yaƙin Duniya na Farko ya jinkirta farawa a birnin Paris, kuma mawaƙin ya yanke shawarar shirya shi a New York. An fara wasan ne a watan Janairun 1916. Kuma a ranar 24 ga Maris, wani jirgin ruwa na Jamus ya nutsar da wani jirgin fasinja a tashar Turanci, inda Granados ke komawa gida.

Mutuwar mai ban tausayi bai ƙyale mawallafin ya kammala yawancin shirye-shiryensa ba. Mafi kyawun shafukan al'adunsa na kirkire-kirkire suna jan hankalin masu sauraro da fara'a da jin daɗinsu. K. Debussy ya rubuta: “Ba zan yi kuskure ba idan na faɗi haka, ina sauraron Granados, kamar dai kun ga fuskar da kuka saba da ƙauna na dogon lokaci.”

V. Ilyev