Ernest Ansermet |

Ernest Ansermet

Siffar ta musamman da maɗaukaki na jagoran Swiss yana nuna cikakken zamani a cikin haɓakar kiɗan zamani. A shekara ta 1928, wata mujalla ta Jamus Di Muzik ta rubuta a wata talifi da aka keɓe ga Anserme: “Kamar ƴan madugu, shi na zamaninmu ne gabaki ɗaya. Sai kawai a kan nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, mai cin karo da juna na rayuwarmu, mutum zai iya fahimtar halinsa. Don fahimta, amma ba don rage zuwa tsari ɗaya ba.

Don gaya game da sabon sabon m hanya na Anserme kuma yana nufin ta hanyoyi da yawa don ba da labarin rayuwar kiɗan ƙasarsa, kuma sama da dukkan mawaƙan mawaƙa na Romanesque Switzerland, wanda ya kafa a cikin 1918.

A lokacin da aka kafa ƙungiyar makaɗa, Ernest Ansermet yana da shekaru 35. Tun daga ƙuruciyarsa, ya kasance mai sha'awar kiɗa, ya shafe sa'o'i masu yawa a piano. Amma bai sami tsarin kida na yau da kullun ba, har ma fiye da haka ilimin jagora. Ya yi karatu a gymnasium, a cadet corps, a Lausanne College, inda ya karanta ilmin lissafi. Daga baya, Ansermet ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris, ya halarci ajin jagora a dakin ajiyar kaya, ya shafe lokacin sanyi daya a Berlin, yana sauraron kade-kade na fitattun mawakan. Na dogon lokaci ya kasa cika burinsa: bukatar samun abin rayuwa ya tilasta wa saurayin yin karatun lissafi. Amma duk wannan lokacin, Ansermet bai bar tunanin zama mawaƙa ba. Kuma a lõkacin da, da alama, da yiwuwa na kimiyya aiki bude a gabansa, ya bar kome da kome ya dauki mafi girman wuri na bandmaster na wani karamin makõma makada a Montreux, wanda ya faru da za a juya sama. A nan a cikin waɗannan shekarun, masu sauraro masu ban sha'awa sun taru - wakilan manyan al'umma, masu arziki, da masu fasaha. Daga cikin masu sauraron matasa madugu ya ko ta yaya Igor Stravinsky. Wannan taron ya kasance mai yanke hukunci a rayuwar Ansermet. Ba da da ewa, bisa shawarar Stravinsky, Diaghilev ya gayyace shi zuwa wurinsa - zuwa ga 'yan wasan ballet na Rasha. Yin aiki a nan ba kawai ya taimaka wa Anserme samun kwarewa ba - a wannan lokacin ya saba da kiɗa na Rasha, wanda ya zama mai sha'awar rayuwa.

A cikin shekarun yaƙi masu wahala, aikin mai zane ya katse na ɗan lokaci - maimakon sandar madugu, an sake tilasta masa ya ɗauki alamar malami. Amma riga a cikin 1918, bayan tattara mafi kyau Swiss music mawaƙa Ansermet shirya, a gaskiya, na farko sana'a kungiyar kade a kasar. Anan, a mararrabar Turai, a madaidaicin tasirin tasiri daban-daban da igiyoyin al'adu, ya fara ayyukansa mai zaman kansa.

Mawakan sun ƙunshi mawaƙa tamanin ne kawai. Yanzu, rabin karni daga baya, yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makada a Turai, wanda ke da mutane sama da ɗari kuma an san shi a ko'ina saboda balaguron balaguro da rikodi.

Tun daga farkon farawa, an fayyace ta'aziyyar kirkire-kirkire na Ansermet a fili, wanda aka bayyana a cikin repertore da bayyanar fasaha na tawagarsa. Da farko, ba shakka, Faransa music (musamman Ravel da Debussy), a cikin canja wurin da m palette wanda Ansermet yana da 'yan daidai. Sa'an nan kuma Rasha classics, "Kuchkists". Ansermet shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da 'yan uwansa, da masu sauraro da yawa daga wasu ƙasashe, kan aikinsu. Kuma a ƙarshe, kiɗa na zamani: Honegger da Milhaud, Hindemith da Prokofiev, Bartok da Berg, kuma sama da duka, Stravinsky, ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da suka fi so. Ƙarfin Ansermet na kunna mawaƙa da masu sauraro, burge su da launuka masu ban sha'awa na kiɗan Stravinsky, ya bayyana a cikin dukkan hazakar sa na farkon abubuwan da ya yi - The Rite of Spring. "Petrushka", "Firebird" - kuma har yanzu ya kasance wanda ba a iya gani ba. Kamar yadda ɗaya daga cikin masu sukar ya lura, "Ƙungiyar kade-kade da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ansermet tana haskakawa da launuka masu ban sha'awa, dukan rayuwarsu, suna numfasawa sosai kuma suna ɗaukar masu sauraro da numfashi." A cikin wannan repertoire, yanayi mai ban mamaki na madugu, filastik na fassararsa, ya bayyana kansa a cikin dukan haske. Ansermet ya nisanci kowane nau'i na cliches da ma'auni - kowane fassararsa na asali ne, ba kamar kowane samfurin ba. Wataƙila, a nan, a cikin ma'ana mai kyau, rashin makarantar Ansermet, 'yancinsa daga al'adun gudanarwa, ya yi tasiri. Gaskiya ne, fassarar kiɗan gargajiya da na soyayya, musamman ta mawaƙan Jamusanci, da kuma Tchaikovsky, ba mahimmin mahimmancin Ansermet ba ne: a nan ra'ayoyinsa sun zama ƙasa mai gamsarwa, sau da yawa na zahiri, ba tare da zurfin zurfi ba.

Masanin farfagandar kiɗan zamani, wanda ya fara rayuwar ayyuka da yawa, Ansermet, duk da haka, ya yi tsayayya da ƙaƙƙarfan halaye masu lalata da ke cikin ƙungiyoyin avant-garde na zamani.

Ansermet ya zagaya USSR sau biyu, a cikin 1928 da 1937. Ƙwararrun jagorar wajen yin kiɗan Faransanci da ayyukan Stravinsky sun sami godiya sosai daga masu sauraronmu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek