Banjo tarihi

Banjo - kayan kida mai zare da jiki a cikin nau'i na ganga ko tambourine da wuyansa wanda aka shimfiɗa igiyoyi 4-9. A zahiri, yana da ɗan kama da mandolin, amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sauti: banjo yana da ƙarar sauti mai ƙarfi. Ba shi da wahala a iya sarrafa shi, musamman idan kuna da ƙwarewar wasan guitar.

Akwai kuskuren cewa an fara koyon banjo ne a shekara ta 1784 daga Thomas Jefferson, wani fitaccen Ba'amurke na wancan lokacin. Haka ne, ya ambaci wani kayan kida na bonjar, wanda ya ƙunshi busasshiyar gour, jijiyar naman naman a matsayin igiya da allo. A gaskiya ma, an ba da bayanin farko na kayan aiki a cikin 1687 ta Hans Sloan, wani likitan ilimin halitta na Ingilishi wanda, tafiya ta Jamaica, ya gan shi a cikin bayi na Afirka. Ba-Amurkewa sun ƙirƙiro zafafan kiɗan su zuwa kaɗe-kaɗe na kirtani, kuma sautin banjo ya yi daidai da ƙaƙƙarfan kaɗe-kaɗe na ƴan wasan bakaken fata.

Banjo ya shiga al'adun Amurka a cikin 1840s tare da taimakon wasan kwaikwayo na minstrel. Nunin minstrel ya kasance wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo tare da halartar mutane 6-12. Irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon tare da raye-raye da abubuwan ban dariya ga madaidaitan raye-raye na banjo da violin ba za su iya barin jama'ar Amurka cikin halin ko-in-kula ba. Masu kallo sun zo ganin ba kawai zane-zane na satirical ba, har ma don sauraron sautin sauti na "sarkin kirtani". Ba da daɗewa ba Amirkawa na Afirka sun rasa sha'awar banjo, suka maye gurbinsa da guitar. Hakan ya faru ne saboda a cikin fina-finan barkwanci, an nuna su a matsayin masu bulo da ramufin, da kuma baƙar fata mata a matsayin fasiƙai masu lalata, wanda, ba shakka, ba zai iya faranta wa baƙi Amurka rai ba. Da sauri, wasan kwaikwayo na minstrel ya zama yawancin fararen fata. Shahararren dan wasan banjo mai suna Joel Walker Sweeney ya inganta ƙirar kayan aiki sosai - ya maye gurbin jikin kabewa tare da ganga, ya bar igiyoyi 5 kawai, yana iyakance wuyansa tare da frets.

A cikin 1890s, zamanin sabbin salo ya fara - ragtime, jazz da blues. Ganguna kadai bai samar da matakin da ake bukata na bugun bugun rhythmic ba. wanda banjo mai kirtani huɗu ya taimaka tare da nasara. Da zuwan kayan kida na lantarki tare da ƙarar sauti, sha'awar banjo ya fara raguwa. A zahiri kayan aikin ya ɓace daga jazz, bayan ƙaura zuwa sabon salon kiɗan ƙasa.