Jaroslav Krombholc |

Jaroslav Krombholc

Har zuwa kwanan nan - kimanin shekaru goma sha biyar da suka wuce - sunan Yaroslav Krombholtz ba a san shi ga yawancin masoyan kiɗa ba. A yau ana masa kallon daya daga cikin manyan masu gudanar da wasan opera na duniya, wanda ya cancanta ga Vaclav Talich kuma magajin aikinsa. Na karshen abu ne na halitta da ma'ana: Krombholtz almajiri Talikh ne ba kawai a makarantar gudanarwa a Prague Conservatory ba, har ma a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa, inda ya kasance mataimaki ga babban malamin na dogon lokaci.

Krombholtz ya koya wa Talih tun yana matashi amma ya riga ya kware sosai a makadi. Ya yi karatu a Conservatory na Prague tare da O. Shin da V. Novak, tare da P. Dedechek, sun halarci azuzuwan A. Khaba kuma ya saurari laccoci ta 3. Nejedla a Faculty of Philosophy na Jami'ar Charles. Da farko, duk da haka, Krombholtz ba zai zama jagora ba: mawaƙin ya fi sha'awar abun da ke ciki, kuma wasu daga cikin ayyukansa - wasan kwaikwayo, wasan kwaikwayo na kade-kade, sextet, waƙoƙi - har yanzu ana jin su daga wasan kwaikwayo. Amma a cikin shekaru arba'in, matashin mawaƙa ya ba da hankali ga gudanarwa. Lokacin da yake dalibi, ya fara samun damar gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na opera na "Talikhov repertoire" a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kutsa cikin sirrin basirar jagoransa.

Aikin mai zaman kansa na madugu ya fara ne tun yana dan shekara ashirin da uku kacal. A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pilsen, ya shirya "Jenufa", sannan "Dalibor" da "Aure na Figaro". Wadannan ayyuka guda uku sun samo asali, kamar dai, tushe na repertoire: uku whales - Czech classic, kiɗa na zamani da Mozart. Kuma a sa'an nan Krombholtz ya juya zuwa ga scores na Suk, Ostrchil, Fibich, Novak, Burian, Borzhkovets - a gaskiya, da ewa ba da da ewa duk mafi kyau da aka halitta ta 'yan uwansa shiga cikin repertoire.

A 1963, Krombholtz ya zama babban darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Prague. A nan Krombholtz ya girma ya zama ƙwararren mai fassara da farfagandar ƙwararrun opera na Czech, mai nema da gwaji a fagen wasan opera na zamani, kamar yadda aka san shi a yau ba kawai a cikin Czechoslovakia ba, har ma a ƙasashen waje. Repertoire din din din din din din din din din ya hada da mafi yawan operas na Smetana, Dvorak, Fibich, Foerster, Novak, ayyukan Janáček, Ostrchil, Jeremias, Kovarovits, Burian, Sukhoń, Martin, Volprecht, Cikker, Power da sauran mawakan Czechoslovak, da kuma Mozart, wanda har yanzu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun marubutan mai zane. Tare da wannan, ya ba da hankali sosai ga wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha, ciki har da Eugene Onegin, Snow Maiden, Boris Godunov, wasan operas na marubuta na zamani - Yaƙin Prokofiev da Aminci da Tale na Mutum na Gaskiya, Katerina Izmailova na Shostakovich. A ƙarshe, abubuwan da aka yi na kwanan nan na wasan kwaikwayo na R. Strauss (Salome da Elektra), da kuma A. Berg's Wozzeck, sun ba shi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masana da masu fassara na tarihin zamani.

An tabbatar da babban darajar Krombholtz ta nasarar da ya samu a wajen Czechoslovakia. Bayan yawon bude ido da dama tare da kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Belgium, Gabashin Jamus, ana gayyatarsa ​​akai-akai don gudanar da wasanni a cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a Vienna da London, Milan da Stuttgart, Warsaw da Rio de Janeiro, Berlin da Paris. . Productions na 'yar uwarta, Katerina Izmailova, Bartered Bride a Vienna Jihar Opera, Cikker's Tashin a Stuttgart Opera, The Bartered Bride da Boris Godunov a Covent Garden, Katya Kabanova sun samu nasara musamman. "da" Enufa "a Netherlands Festival. Krombholtz shine jagoran opera da farko. Amma duk da haka yana samun lokacin yin kide-kide, a cikin Czechoslovakia da kasashen waje, musamman a Ingila, inda ya shahara sosai. Wani muhimmin bangare na shirye-shiryen kide-kide nasa yana shagaltar da kiɗa na karni na XNUMX: a nan, tare da mawaƙa na Czechoslovak, sune Debussy, Ravel, Roussel, Millau, Bartok, Hindemith, Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Kodai, F. Marten.

Da yake kwatanta hoton ƙerarriyar mawaƙin, mai sukar P. Eckstein ya rubuta: “Krombholtz na farko shi ne jagoran waƙa, kuma duk bincikensa da nasarorin da ya samu suna da wani laushi da kyau. Amma, ba shakka, abin ban mamaki ma ba shine rauninsa ba. Rikodin da ya yi na faifai daga wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan Fiebich Bride of Messina ya shaida wannan, kamar yadda, hakika, ke yin kyakkyawan aikin Wozzeck a Prague. Halayen wakoki da kuma sauti na marmari sun fi kusa da hazakar mai zane. Ana jin wannan a cikin Dvořák's Rusalka, wanda ya rubuta shi kuma masu sukar sun gane shi a matsayin watakila mafi kyawun fassarar aikin. Amma a cikin sauran rikodinsa, irin su wasan opera "Maza biyu da mazansu suka mutu", Krombholtz yana nuna cikakkiyar jin daɗinsa da alheri.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969