Tarihin Accordion

A cikin babban iyali na abokantaka na kayan kida, kowanne yana da tarihin kansa, sauti na musamman, halayensa. Game da ɗaya daga cikinsu - kayan aiki mai ladabi da suna mai ladabi - jeri, kuma za a tattauna.

Accordion ya mamaye kaddarorin kayan kida daban-daban. A cikin bayyanar, yana kama da maɓalli accordion, a cikin ƙira yana kama da accordion, kuma tare da makullin da ikon canza rajista, yana kama da piano. Tarihin wannan kayan kida yana da ban mamaki, mai raɗaɗi kuma har yanzu yana haifar da tattaunawa mai daɗi a cikin ƙwararrun yanayi.

Tarihin accordion ya samo asali ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda aka yi amfani da ka'idar samar da sauti na Reed a karon farko a cikin kayan kida na sheng. Masanan basira guda biyu sun tsaya a asalin halittar accordion a cikin tsari na yau da kullun: ma'aikacin agogon Jamus Christian Buschman da ma'aikacin Czech Frantisek Kirchner. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ba su san juna ba kuma sun yi aiki gaba ɗaya ba tare da juna ba.

Kirista Bushman mai shekaru 17, a kokarinsa na saukaka aikin gyaran gabobin, ya kirkiro wata na'ura mai sauki - cokali mai yatsa a cikin wani karamin akwati inda ya sanya harshen karfe. Lokacin da Bushman ya hura iska a cikin wannan akwati da bakinsa, harshe ya fara sauti, yana ba da sautin wani sauti. Daga baya, Kirista ya ƙara tafki na iska (fur) a ƙirar, kuma don kada harsuna su yi rawar jiki a lokaci guda, ya ba su da bawuloli. Yanzu, don samun sautin da ake so, ya zama dole don buɗe bawul a kan wani farantin karfe, kuma barin sauran an rufe. Saboda haka, a cikin 1821, Bushman ya ƙirƙira samfurin harmonica, wanda ya kira "aura".

Kusan a lokaci guda, a cikin 1770s, mai tsara gabobin Czech Frantisek Kirchner, wanda ya yi aiki a gidan sarautar Rasha, ya fito da sabon tsarin sandunan redi kuma ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin tushen ƙirƙirar harmonica ta hannu. Ba shi da alaƙa da kayan aiki na zamani, amma babban ka'idar samar da sauti na harmonica ya kasance iri ɗaya - girgizar farantin ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin tasirin rafi na iska, latsawa da tweaking.Bayan ɗan lokaci, harmonica na hannu ya ƙare a hannun babban malamin gabobin Viennese Cyril Demian. Ya yi aiki tuƙuru don inganta kayan aiki, yana ba shi, a ƙarshe, kamanni daban-daban. Demian ya raba jikin kayan aikin zuwa sassa guda biyu daidai, ya sanya maɓallan maɓalli don hannun hagu da dama akan su kuma ya haɗa halves tare da bellows. Kowane maɓalli ya yi daidai da maɓalli, wanda ya ƙaddara sunansa “accordion”. Cyril Demian a hukumance ya gabatar da sunan marubucin kayan aikin sa a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1829. Bayan kwanaki 17, Demian ya sami takardar shaidar ƙirƙirar da ya ƙirƙira kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ana ɗaukar ranar 23 ga Mayu a matsayin ranar haihuwar accordion. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara samarwa da sayar da sabbin kayan kida da yawa.

Tarihin accordion ya ci gaba a bakin tekun Adriatic - a Italiya. A can, a wani wuri kusa da Castelfidardo, ɗan wani mai hannu da shuni, Paulo Soprani, ya sayi Demian accordion daga wani ɗan zufa mai yawo. A shekara ta 1864, bayan da ya tara masassaƙa na gida, ya buɗe wani taron bita, kuma daga bisani ya kafa masana'anta, inda ya tsunduma ba kawai a cikin samar da kayan aiki ba, amma har ma a cikin zamani. Ta haka aka haifi masana'antar accordion. Accordion da sauri ya sami ƙaunar ba kawai Italiyanci ba, har ma mazauna wasu ƙasashen Turai.

A ƙarshen karni na 40, haɗin gwiwar, tare da masu hijira, sun haye Tekun Atlantika kuma suka tsaya tsayin daka a Arewacin Amirka, inda da farko ake kiransa "piano a kan madauri." A cikin XNUMXs, an gina haɗin gwiwar lantarki na farko a cikin Amurka.

Har ya zuwa yau, accordion sanannen kayan kida ne da ake so wanda zai iya bayyana duk wani jin daɗin ɗan adam daga bege zuwa farin ciki. Duk da wannan, har yanzu yana ci gaba da ingantawa.