Nau'in kari a cikin kiɗa

Rhythm a cikin yanki na kiɗa shine ci gaba da jujjuyawar sautuna da tsaikon lokuta daban-daban. Akwai bambance-bambancen bambance-bambance masu yawa na tsarin rhythmic waɗanda za a iya samuwa a cikin irin wannan motsi. Don haka salon waka ma ya bambanta. A wannan shafin za mu yi la'akari da wasu ƙididdiga na musamman na rhythmic.

1. Motsi a ko da durations

Motsi a cikin ma, daidaiton tsawon lokaci ba sabon abu bane a cikin kiɗa. Kuma galibi wannan yunkuri ne na takwas, na sha shida ko kuma na uku. Ya kamata a lura cewa irin wannan monotony na rhythmic sau da yawa yana haifar da tasirin hypnotic - kiɗan yana sa ku gaba ɗaya nutsewa cikin yanayi ko yanayin da mai yin waƙar ya gabatar.

Misali No. 1 "Sauraron Beethoven." Misali mai ban mamaki wanda ya tabbatar da abin da ke sama shine sanannen "Moonlight Sonata" na Beethoven. Dubi sashin kiɗan. Yunkurinsa na farko gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan ci gaba da motsi na takwas-triplets. Ku saurari wannan motsi. Waƙar tana da ban sha'awa kawai kuma, hakika, da alama tana ɗaukar hoto. Watakila shi ya sa miliyoyin mutane a Duniya suke son ta?

Wani misali daga kiɗan mawaƙin guda ɗaya shine Scherzo, motsi na biyu na bikin Symphony na tara, inda, bayan taƙaitaccen gabatarwar tsawa mai ƙarfi, muna jin "ruwan sama" na ko da kwata-kwata a cikin sauri mai sauri kuma cikin lokaci uku. .

Misali No. 2 "Bach Preludes". Ba kawai a cikin kiɗan Beethoven ba akwai dabarar ko da motsin rhythmic. An gabatar da irin wannan misalan, alal misali, a cikin kiɗa na Bach, a cikin yawancin abubuwan da ya gabatar daga Clavier mai jin dadi.

A matsayin misali, bari mu gabatar muku da Prelude a cikin manyan manyan CTC daga juzu'in farko na CTC, inda aka gina haɓakar rhythmic akan madaidaicin bayanin rubutu na goma sha shida ba tare da gaggawa ba.

Wani abin misali shine Prelude a cikin ƙarami daga wannan juzu'in farko na CTC. An haɗa nau'ikan motsi na monorhythmic guda biyu a nan gaba ɗaya - bayyanan kashi takwas a cikin bass da uku na goma sha shida bisa ga sautunan ƙira a cikin manyan muryoyin.

Misali No. 3 "Kidan Zamani". Ana samun kari tare da ko da tsawon lokaci a cikin mawaƙa na gargajiya da yawa, amma mawaƙan kiɗan “zamani” sun nuna ƙauna ta musamman ga irin wannan motsi. Yanzu muna nufin waƙoƙin sauti don shahararrun fina-finai, adadin waƙoƙin da aka tsara. A cikin wakokinsu, kuna iya jin wani abu kamar haka:

2. Dotted rhythm

Fassara daga Jamusanci, kalmar "ma'ana" tana nufin "ma'ana". Ƙwaƙwalwar ɗigo ita ce kari mai digo. Kamar yadda ka sani, ɗigon yana nufin alamun da ke ƙara tsawon lokacin bayanin kula. Wato digon yana tsawaita rubutun da ke kusa da shi, daidai da rabi. Yawancin lokaci bayanin kula mai digo yana biye da wata gajeriyar bayanin kula. Kuma a bayan haɗewar dogon rubutu mai digo da gajeriyar ɗaya bayanta, an daidaita sunan ɗigon rhythm.

Bari mu tsara cikakken ma'anar ra'ayin da muke la'akari. Don haka, zaƙi mai dige-dige siffa ce ta rhythmic na dogon rubutu mai ɗigo (a kan ƙaƙƙarfan lokaci) da ɗan gajeren rubutu mai biye da shi (a lokacin rauni). Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin mai mulkin, rabon sauti mai tsawo da gajere shine 3 zuwa 1. Misali: rabi tare da digo da kwata, kwata tare da digo da na takwas, na takwas tare da dige da na sha shida, da dai sauransu.

Amma, dole ne a ce a cikin kiɗa na biyu, wato, taƙaitaccen bayanin kula, yawanci shine jujjuya zuwa dogon rubutu na gaba. Sautin wani abu ne kamar “ta-Dam, ta-Dam”, idan an bayyana shi cikin harrufai.

Misali No. 4 "Bach again." Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan lokaci - na takwas, na goma sha shida - yawanci yana sauti mai kaifi, mai ƙarfi, yana ƙara faɗar kiɗan. A matsayin misali, muna gayyatar ku don sauraron farkon shirin Bach's Prelude a cikin G Minor daga juzu'i na biyu na CTC, wanda gaba daya ya cika da kaifi masu kaifi, wanda akwai nau'ikan su da yawa.

Misali No. 5 "Layi mai laushi mai laushi". Layukan da aka ɗigo ba koyaushe suke yin sauti mai kaifi ba. A waɗancan lokuta lokacin da ɗigon ƙwanƙwasa ke samuwa da yawa ko žasa na tsawon lokaci, kaifinsa yana yin laushi kuma sautin ya zama mai laushi. Saboda haka, alal misali, a cikin Waltz daga Tchaikovsky ta "Kildren Album". Rubutun da aka huda ya faɗi akan daidaitawa bayan an dakata, wanda ke sa gabaɗayan motsi ya fi santsi, miƙewa.

3. Lombard rhythm

Lombard rhythm iri ɗaya ne da ɗigon kari, kawai a baya, wato, jujjuyawar. A cikin siffa na rhythm na Lombard, an sanya ɗan gajeren bayanin kula a lokaci mai ƙarfi, kuma bayanin kula yana cikin rauni lokaci. Yana sauti mai kaifi sosai idan an haɗa shi a cikin ƙananan lokuta (shima nau'in daidaitawa ne). Duk da haka, kaifin wannan siffa ba ta da nauyi, ba mai ban mamaki ba, ba barazana ba, kamar layi mai digo. Sau da yawa, akasin haka, ana samun shi cikin haske, kiɗa mai daɗi. A can, waɗannan waƙoƙin suna walƙiya kamar walƙiya.

Misali No. 6 "Lombard rhythm in Haydn's sonata." Lombard rhythm yana samuwa a cikin kiɗan mawaƙa daga zamani da ƙasashe daban-daban. Kuma a matsayin misali, muna ba ku gutsure na piano sonata Haydn, inda nau'in kari mai suna na dogon lokaci.

4. Dabara

Zatakt shine farkon kiɗa daga rauni mai rauni, wani nau'in kari na kowa. Don fahimtar wannan, dole ne a fara tuna cewa lokacin kiɗa yana dogara ne akan ka'idar sauyawa na yau da kullum na bugun jini mai ƙarfi da rauni na mita. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa koyaushe shine farkon sabon ma'auni. Sai dai ba koyaushe ake farawa da kiɗa mai ƙarfi ba, sau da yawa, musamman a cikin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin, mun haɗu da farkon da rauni mai rauni.

Misali Na 7 “Waƙar Sabuwar Shekara.” Rubutun sanannen waƙar sabuwar shekara "An haifi itacen Kirsimeti a cikin gandun daji" yana farawa da ma'anar "In le", bi da bi, kalmomin da ba a sanya su ba a cikin waƙar ya kamata su fada a kan lokaci mai rauni, da kuma ma'anar "su" mai tsanani. – a kan karfi daya. Don haka ya bayyana cewa waƙar ta fara tun kafin farkon bugun bugun ƙarfi, wato, ma'anar "In le" ya kasance a bayan ma'auni (kafin farkon ma'aunin farko, kafin bugun farko mai ƙarfi).

Misali Na 8 "Waƙar Ƙasa". Wani misali na yau da kullum shi ne waƙar Rasha ta zamani "Rasha - Ƙarfin Mu Mai Tsarki" a cikin rubutun kuma yana farawa da sigar da ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma a cikin waƙar - tare da kashe-kashe. Af, a cikin kiɗan waƙar, adadi na ɗigon ɗigon da aka saba da ku yana maimaita sau da yawa, wanda ya kara daɗaɗa ga kiɗan.

Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa jagorar ba shine cikakken ma'auni mai zaman kanta ba, lokacin da ake ɗaukar kiɗansa yana aro (ɗauka) daga ma'auni na ƙarshe na aikin, wanda, saboda haka, ya kasance bai cika ba. Amma tare, a jimlace, bugun farko da bugun ƙarshe sun zama cikakkiyar bugun al'ada.

5. Daidaitawa

Daidaitawa shine jujjuya damuwa daga bugun ƙarfi zuwa rauni mai rauni., Daidaitawa yawanci yana haifar da bayyanar dogayen sautuna bayan lokaci mai rauni bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci ko dakatarwa akan mai ƙarfi, kuma ana gane su da wannan alamar. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da syncope a cikin wani labarin dabam.

KARANTA GAME DA SYNCOPES NAN

Tabbas, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan rhythmic fiye da yadda muka yi la'akari a nan. Yawancin nau'ikan kiɗa da salo suna da nasu fasalin rhythmic. Alal misali, daga wannan ra'ayi, irin nau'o'in kamar waltz (mita uku da santsi ko adadi na "circling" a rhythm), mazurka (mita uku da murkushewa na farko na farko), Maris (mita-biyu, tsabta). rhythm, ɗimbin layukan dige-dige) suna karɓar kyawawan halaye daga wannan ra'ayi. Amma duk waɗannan batutuwa ne na ƙarin tattaunawa daban-daban, don haka ziyarci rukunin yanar gizon mu akai-akai kuma tabbas za ku koyi ƙarin sabbin abubuwa masu amfani game da duniyar kiɗa.