Marimba: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, sauti, amfani, yadda ake wasa

Maɗaukakin maɗaukaki na wannan wasiƙar Afro-Ecuadorian yana da ban sha'awa, yana da tasirin hypnotic. Fiye da shekaru dubu 2000 da suka wuce, 'yan asalin nahiyar Afirka sun ƙirƙira marimba ta amfani da itace kawai da gour. A yau, ana amfani da wannan kayan kida na kaɗe-kaɗe a cikin kiɗan zamani, yana cika shahararru ayyuka, da sautuna a cikin waƙoƙin kabilanci.

Menene marimba

Kayan aiki nau'in xylophone ne. Yadu rarraba a Amurka, Mexico, Indonesia. Ana iya amfani da shi solo, sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin gungu. Saboda sautin shiru, ba kasafai ake saka shi a cikin makada ba. An sanya marimba a kasa. Mai wasan kwaikwayo yana wasa ta hanyar buga sanduna tare da tukwici na nannade na roba ko zare.

Bambanci daga xylophone

Dukansu kayan kida na dangin kaɗa ne, amma suna da bambance-bambancen tsari. Wayar xylophone ta ƙunshi sanduna masu tsayi daban-daban waɗanda aka shirya a jere ɗaya. Marimba yana da lattices masu kama da piano, don haka kewayo da katako sun fi fadi.

Bambanci tsakanin xylophone da na Afirka wawa shima yana cikin tsayin resonators. Aikin su busasshen kabewa ne ya yi su a baya. A yau ana yin bututun da ke ƙara da ƙarfe da itace. xylophone ya fi guntu. Bakan sauti na marimba yana daga octaves uku zuwa biyar, xylophone yana sake fitar da sautin bayanin kula tsakanin octaves biyu zuwa hudu.

Na'urar kayan aiki

Marimba ta ƙunshi firam ɗin da aka kafa firam ɗin tubalan katako. Ana amfani da Rosewood bisa ga al'ada. Mawallafin Acoustic kuma mai yin kayan aiki John C. Deegan ya taɓa tabbatar da cewa itacen bishiyar Honduras shine mafi kyawun jagorar sauti. An shirya sandunan kamar makullin piano. Ana kuma saita su. A karkashin su akwai resonators. Deegan ya maye gurbin na'urorin resonators na gargajiya da na ƙarfe.

Ana amfani da masu bugun marimba. An ɗaure tukwicinsu da auduga ko zaren woolen.

Bakan sauti ya dogara da ainihin zaɓi na masu bugun. Yana iya kama da xylophone, ya zama mai kaifi, mai dannawa ko mai jawo.

Tarihin abin da ya faru

Mai zane Manuel Paz ya zana kayan kida mai kama da marimba a daya daga cikin zane-zanensa. A kan zane, mutum ɗaya ya kunna, ɗayan yana sauraron kiɗa. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa tun ƙarni da yawa da suka wuce, wawan wawan Afirka ya shahara a Arewacin Amurka.

Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa tarihin abin da ya faru ya kasance a baya. Wakilan kabilar Mandigo ne suka buga shi, suna amfani da bugu a kan itace don nishaɗi, al'ada, yayin binne 'yan uwan ​​​​yan uwan. A cikin Arewacin Transvaal, mutanen Bantu sun zo da ra'ayin sanya tubalan katako a kan baka, kuma a ƙarƙashinsa sun rataye bututun katako a cikin nau'i na "sausages".

A Afirka ta Kudu, akwai wani labari a cewar wata baiwar Allah Marimba ta nishadantar da kanta ta hanyar buga wani abu mai ban mamaki. Ta rataye itace, a ƙarƙashinsu ta sanya busassun kabewa. 'Yan Afirka sun ɗauki kayan aikinsu na gargajiya. A da, mazaunan nahiyar sun kasance suna nishadantar da su ta hanyar yawo marimbieros. Ecuador tana da rawar ƙasa mai suna iri ɗaya. An yi imani da cewa a lokacin rawa, masu wasan kwaikwayo suna nuna ƙaunar 'yanci da asali na mutane.

Amfani

Bayan gwaje-gwajen John C. Deegan, damar kiɗan na marimba ta faɗaɗa. Kayan aiki ya shiga samar da taro, ya fara amfani da ensembles, ƙungiyar makaɗa. A tsakiyar karni na karshe, ya zo Japan. Mazaunan Ƙasar Gabashin Rana sun ji daɗi da sautin wawa da ba a saba gani ba. Akwai makarantun koyon wasa a kai.

A ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe, marimba ya kasance da ƙarfi a cikin al'adun kiɗa na Turai. A yau akwai samfurori na musamman tare da kewayon sauti har zuwa octaves shida. Masu yin wasan kwaikwayo suna amfani da sanduna daban-daban don faɗaɗa, canzawa, da sanya sautin ƙara bayyanawa.

An rubuta ayyukan kiɗa don marimba. Mawaƙa Olivier Messiaen, Karen Tanaka, Steve Reich, Andrey Doinikov sun yi amfani da shi a cikin abubuwan da suka tsara. Sun nuna yadda kayan aikin Afirka zai iya yin sauti tare da bassoon, violin, cello, piano.

Wani abin mamaki shi ne, mutane da yawa suna shigar da sautunan ringi da aka nada a kan marimba a wayoyinsu, ba sa tunanin ko wane irin kayan aiki ne ke sauti yayin kiran. Kuna iya jin ta a cikin waƙoƙin ABBA, Qween, Rolling Stones.

Dabarun wasa

Daga cikin sauran kayan kida na kaɗe-kaɗe, ana ɗaukar marimba ɗaya daga cikin mafi wahalar ƙwarewa. Mutane ɗaya ko fiye za su iya buga shi. Dole ne mai yin wasan ba wai kawai ya san tsari da tsarin sautin idiophone ba, har ma da gwanintar sanduna huɗu a lokaci ɗaya. Ya rike su a hannu biyu, yana rike da biyu a kowanne. Za a iya sanya masu bugun a cikin tafin hannunka, suna haɗuwa da juna. Ana kiran wannan hanyar "crossover". Ko riƙe tsakanin yatsunsu - hanyar Messer.

Shahararrun yan wasan kwaikwayo

A cikin 70s L.Kh. Stevens ya kasance babban mai ba da gudummawa ga daidaitawar marimba zuwa kiɗan ilimi. Ya yi ayyuka da yawa, ya rubuta hanyoyin kunna kayan aiki. Shahararrun mawakan sun hada da mawakin kasar Japan Keiko Abe. A kan marimba, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na jama'a, ta zagaya ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma ta halarci gasa ta duniya. A shekarar 2016, ta ba da wani kide kide a zauren Mariinsky Theater. Sauran mawakan da suke yin wannan kayan aikin sun haɗa da Robert Van Size, Martin Grubinger, Bogdan Bocanu, Gordon Stout.

Marimbu na asali ne, sautinsa yana iya sha'awa, kuma motsi na masu bugun yana haifar da jin kamar hypnosis. Bayan wucewa cikin ƙarni, wawan wawan Afirka ya sami gagarumar nasara a cikin kiɗan ilimi, ana amfani da shi don yin wasan Latin, jazz, pop da rock.