Bandura: menene, abun da ke ciki, asali, yadda yake sauti

Bandurists sun dade suna ɗaya daga cikin alamun ƙasa na Ukrainian. Tare da rakiyar bandura, mawakan sun yi wakoki daban-daban na almara. A cikin karni na XNUMX, kayan kida sun sami karbuwa sosai; Har yanzu ana iya samun 'yan wasan bandura a yau.

Menene bandara

Bandura kayan kida ne na jama'ar Ukrainian. Yana cikin rukunin igiyoyin da aka tsige. Ana nuna bayyanar da babban jiki na oval da ƙananan wuyansa.

Sautin yana da haske, yana da sifa mai siffa. Bandurists suna wasa ta hanyar zazzage igiyoyin da yatsunsu. Wani lokaci ana amfani da "ƙusoshi" masu zamewa. Lokacin wasa da ƙusoshi, ana samun ƙarar sauti da kaifi.

Origin

Babu yarjejeniya kan tarihin asalin bandura. Wasu masana tarihi sun gaskata cewa ya fito ne daga gusli, kayan kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha. Nau'o'in gusli na farko ba su wuce igiyoyi 5 ba, kuma nau'in wasa a kansu yana kama da balalaika. A cikin karni na XNUMX, wasu bambance-bambancen sun bayyana, tare da adadi mai yawa na kirtani, kuma tare da ra'ayi mai kama da bandura.

Yawancin masana tarihi sun goyi bayan sigar game da asalin kayan aikin daga kobza. Kobza na kayan kida ne masu kama da lute, wanda ya sa su yi kama da siffa ta farkon bandaras. Wasu daga cikin sunayen igiyoyin kayan aikin na kowa ne. Repertoire da bandurists da ƴan wasan kobza suka yi iri ɗaya ne, tare da abubuwan gama gari da yawa.

An aro sunan daga Yaren mutanen Poland. Sunan Yaren mutanen Poland "bandura" ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin "pandura", yana nuna cithara - tsohuwar nau'in lemun tsami na Girka.

Bandura na'urar

An yi jikin daga itacen linden mai ƙarfi. Wuyan kayan aiki yana da fadi, amma gajere. Sunan hukuma na wuyansa shine rike. Sashin lanƙwasa na wuyan ana kiransa kai. A kai akwai turaku masu daidaitawa waɗanda ke riƙe da igiyoyin. Juya turaku yana rage ko ɗaga igiya, don haka ɗan wasan bandura yana daidaita farar.

Babban sashin jikin kayan aikin ana kiransa gudu. A waje, kwale-kwalen gudun yana kama da yankakken kabewa. Daga sama, an rufe allon gudu tare da bene, wanda ake kira saman. A gefen bene akwai igiya na katako wanda ke riƙe da igiyoyi a gefe ɗaya. An yanke rami a tsakiyar allon sautin, yana sake jin sautin da aka fitar.

Yawan bandura kirtani shine 12. Rabin rabi yana da tsawo kuma mai kauri, ɗayan yana da bakin ciki da gajere. Siffofin zamani suna da ƙarin kirtani, har zuwa 70.

Amfani da kayan aiki

Tun daga ƙarshen Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar, ana amfani da bandura azaman abin rakiyar yin zabura na addini. Daga baya, Cossacks na Zaporozhian Sich ya fara yin nasu ayyukan, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na jama'a music.

A zamanin yau, ana kuma amfani da kayan aikin a wajen kiɗan jama'a. Misali, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Ukrainian B&B Project ta tattara nau'ikan shahararrun waƙoƙin rock. Daga cikin fassarori biyu na Ukrainian akwai "Show Must Go On" ta Sarauniya, "Babu Wani Abu" na Metallica, "Deutschland" na Rammstein.

A cikin 2019, an kafa rikodin yawan 'yan wasan bandura da ke wasa a lokaci guda. Don girmama ranar haihuwar Taras Shevchenko, mawaƙa 407 a lokaci guda sun yi shahararrun ayyukan mawaƙa - "Alkawari" da "Roars da Moans the wide Dnieper".

A taƙaice, ana iya lura cewa a cikin karni na XNUMXst bandura yana ci gaba da yin amfani da shi sosai a cikin kiɗan gargajiya na Ukrainian da kuma bayan haka. Ta bar alamarta a cikin tarihin al'adun Ukrainian kuma ta kasance mai dangantaka da shi sosai.