Me ya kamata mawaƙin farko ya karanta? Wadanne litattafai kuke amfani da su a makarantar kiɗa?

Yadda za a je wasan opera kuma ku sami jin daɗi kawai daga gare ta, kuma ba rashin jin daɗi ba? Ta yaya za ku guje wa yin barci a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, sannan kawai ku yi nadama cewa duk ya ƙare da sauri? Ta yaya za mu iya fahimtar kiɗan da, kallo na farko, ya zama kamar tsohon zamani?

Sai ya zama cewa kowa zai iya koyan duk wannan. Ana koyar da yara wannan a makarantar kiɗa (kuma nasara sosai, dole ne in faɗi), amma kowane babba zai iya sarrafa duk asirin kansa. Littafin adabin kiɗa zai zo don ceto. Kuma babu buƙatar jin tsoron kalmar "littafin rubutu". Abin da littafin koyarwa yake ga yaro, babba ne “littafin tatsuniyoyi da hotuna,” wanda ke ba da sha’awa da “sha’awar”sa.

Game da batun "littafin kiɗa"

Wataƙila ɗayan batutuwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ɗaliban makarantar kiɗa ke ɗauka shine adabin kiɗa. A cikin abubuwan da ke ciki, wannan kwas ɗin yana da ɗan tuno da karatun wallafe-wallafen da ake karantawa a makarantar sakandare na yau da kullum: kawai maimakon marubuta - mawaƙa, maimakon waƙoƙi da litattafai - mafi kyawun ayyukan kiɗa na gargajiya da na zamani.

Ilimin da aka bayar a cikin darussan adabin kiɗan yana haɓaka ƙwarewa kuma ba tare da sabani ba yana faɗaɗa tunanin matasa mawaƙa a fagen kiɗan kansa, tarihin gida da na waje, almara, wasan kwaikwayo da zane-zane. Wannan ilimin kuma yana da tasiri kai tsaye a kan darussan kiɗa na aiki (wasa kayan aiki).

Ya kamata kowa ya yi nazarin adabin kiɗa

Dangane da fa'idarsa ta musamman, ana iya ba da shawarar tsarin wallafe-wallafen kiɗa ga manya ko mawaƙa waɗanda suka fara koyar da kansu. Babu wani kuskuren kiɗa na samar da wannan cikar da ilimin yanayi na musamman game da kiɗa, kayan kiɗa da kuma abubuwan da aka yi da kuma damar kiɗa, da sauransu.

Me kuke magana a kai a cikin kwas ɗin adabin kiɗa?

Littattafan kiɗa abu ne na wajibi don nazari a duk sassan makarantar kiɗa. Ana koyar da wannan kwas ne tsawon shekaru hudu, inda matasa mawakan suka saba da dimbin ayyukan fasaha da na kade-kade.

Shekara ta farko - "Music, siffofinsa da nau'o'insa"

Shekara ta farko, a matsayin mai mulkin, an ƙaddamar da labarun game da ainihin hanyoyin kiɗa na magana, nau'o'i da nau'i, kayan kida, nau'o'in makada da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, yadda za a saurare da fahimtar kiɗa daidai.

Shekara ta biyu - "Littafin kiɗa na ƙasashen waje"

Shekara ta biyu galibi ana nufin ƙware da al'adun kiɗan ƙasashen waje. Labarin game da shi ya fara ne tun daga zamanin da, daga farkonsa, har zuwa tsakiyar zamanai zuwa manyan mawaƙa. An ba da haske ga mawaƙa shida a cikin manyan jigogi daban-daban kuma an yi nazari a cikin darussa da yawa. Wannan shi ne mawallafin Jamusanci na zamanin Baroque JS Bach, uku "Littafin Viennese" - J. Haydn, VA Mozart da L. van Beethoven, romantics F. Schubert da F. Chopin. Akwai mawakan soyayya da yawa; babu isasshen lokaci don sanin aikin kowannensu a cikin darussan makaranta, amma an ba da cikakken ra'ayi na kiɗa na romanticism, ba shakka,.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Yin la'akari da ayyukan, littafin rubutu na wallafe-wallafen kiɗa na ƙasashen waje yana gabatar da mu zuwa jerin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa. Wannan ita ce opera ta Mozart mai suna “Aure na Figaro” bisa makircin mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa Beaumarchais, da kuma kusan 4 symphonies - Haydn's 103rd (wanda ake kira "With tremolo timpani"), Mozart's 40th Shahararriyar G small symphony, Beethoven's symphony. No. 5 tare da "jigon" Ƙaddara" da "Symphony Ba a gama ba" na Schubert; Daga cikin manyan ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo, Beethoven's "Egmont" kuma an haɗa shi.

Bugu da ƙari, ana nazarin sonatas na piano - Beethoven's 8th "Pathetique" sonata, Mozart's 11th sonata tare da sanannen "Turkish Rondo" a wasan karshe da Haydn's radiant D manyan sonata. Daga cikin sauran ayyukan piano, littafin ya gabatar da etudes, nocturnes, polonaises da mazurkas ta babban mawakin Poland Chopin. Har ila yau, ana nazarin ayyukan murya - waƙoƙin Schubert, waƙar addu'arsa mai haske "Ave Maria", ballad "Sarkin daji" bisa ga rubutun Goethe, wanda kowa ya fi so "Maraice Serenade", da dama na wasu waƙoƙi, da kuma sake zagayowar murya " Kyakkyawar Matar Miller”.

Shekara ta uku "Littafin kiɗa na Rasha na karni na 19"

Shekara ta uku na binciken gabaɗaya ya keɓe ga kiɗan Rasha tun zamanin da har zuwa kusan ƙarshen karni na 19. Waɗanne tambayoyi ne ba a taɓa su ba ta surori na farko, waɗanda ke magana game da kiɗan jama'a, game da fasahar waƙar coci, game da asalin fasahar duniya, game da manyan mawaƙa na zamanin gargajiya - Bortnyansky da Berezovsky, game da aikin soyayya na Varlamov. Gurilev, Alyabyev da Verstovsky.

An sake gabatar da adadi na manyan mawaƙa guda shida a gaba a matsayin na tsakiya: MI Glinka, AS Dargomyzhsky, AP Borodina, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky. Kowannensu ya bayyana ba kawai a matsayin ƙwararren mai fasaha ba, har ma a matsayin mutum na musamman. Alal misali, ana kiran Glinka wanda ya kafa kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha, Dargomyzhsky ana kiransa malamin gaskiyar kiɗa. Borodin, kasancewa masanin kimiyya, ya hada kiɗa kawai "a karshen mako", kuma Mussorgsky da Tchaikovsky, akasin haka, sun bar sabis ɗin su don kare kida; Rimsky-Korsakov a cikin samartaka ya tashi a kan wani dawafi na duniya.

MI Glinka opera "Ruslan da Lyudmila"

Kayan kiɗan da aka ƙware a wannan matakin yana da yawa kuma mai tsanani. A cikin shekara guda, an yi jerin manyan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha: "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan da Lyudmila" na Glinka, "Rusalka" na Dargomyzhsky, "Prince Igor" na Borodin, "Boris Godunov" na Mussorgsky. "The Snow Maiden", "Sadko" da "Tale of the Tsar" Saltana na Rimsky-Korsakov, "Eugene Onegin" na Tchaikovsky. Sanin waɗannan operas, ɗalibai ba da son ransu ba suna cudanya da ayyukan wallafe-wallafen da suka zama tushensu. Bugu da ƙari, idan muka yi magana musamman game da makarantar kiɗa, to, waɗannan ayyukan adabi na gargajiya ana koyan su kafin a rufe su a makarantar ilimi ta gama-gari - wannan ba fa'ida ba ce?

Baya ga wasan operas, a daidai wannan lokacin, ana yin nazari da yawa game da soyayya (da Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky), daga cikinsu akwai kuma waɗanda manyan mawaƙan Rasha suka rubuta wa waƙoƙi. Har ila yau, ana yin kade-kade - Borodin's "Heroic", "Winter Dreams" da "Pathetique" na Tchaikovsky, da kuma Rimsky-Korsakov's ƙwararren symphonic suite - "Scheherazade" bisa tatsuniyoyi na "Dare Dubu da Daya". Daga cikin ayyukan piano, ana iya kiran manyan kekuna: "Hotuna a Nunin" Mussorgsky da "The Seasons" na Tchaikovsky.

Shekara ta hudu - "Kidan cikin gida na karni na 20"

Littafi na huɗu akan wallafe-wallafen kiɗa ya yi daidai da shekara ta huɗu na koyar da batun. A wannan karon, sha'awar ɗalibai sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan jagorancin kiɗan Rasha na ƙarni na 20 da 21. Ba kamar littattafan karatu da suka gabata akan adabin kiɗan ba, wannan na baya-bayan nan ana sabunta shi tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙishirwa - an sake tsara kayan binciken gaba ɗaya, cike da bayanai game da sabbin nasarorin kiɗan ilimi.

SS Prokofiev ballet "Romeo da Juliet"

Batu na huɗu yayi magana game da nasarorin irin waɗannan mawaƙa kamar SV Rachmaninov, AN Scriabin, IDAN Stravinsky, SS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, GV Sviridov, da kuma duka galaxy na mawaƙa na kwanan nan ko na zamani - VA Gavrilina, RK Shchedrina , EV Tishchenko da sauransu.

Adadin ayyukan da aka bincika yana faɗaɗa ba tare da sabani ba. Ba lallai ba ne a lissafta su duka; Ya isa kawai a ambaci irin waɗannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallo na Stravinsky (“Petrushka”, “Firebird”) da Prokofiev (“Romeo da Juliet”, “Cinderella”), “Leningrad”. Symphony na Shostakovich, "Poem a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Sergei Yesenin" na Sviridov da sauran ayyuka masu ban mamaki.

Wadanne litattafai kan adabin kida ne akwai?

A yau babu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don litattafai akan wallafe-wallafen kiɗa don makaranta, amma har yanzu akwai "bambance-bambance". Wasu daga cikin litattafai na farko da aka yi amfani da su don yin nazari ga jama'a, littattafai ne daga jerin litattafai na adabin kiɗa na marubucin IA Prokhorova. Ƙarin shahararrun marubuta na zamani - VE Bryantseva, OI Averyanova.

Marubucin litattafan litattafai a kan wallafe-wallafen kiɗa, wanda kusan dukkanin ƙasar yanzu karatu, shine Maria Shornikova. Ta mallaki litattafai na dukkan matakai hudu na koyarwar makaranta na wannan fanni. Yana da kyau cewa a cikin sabon bugu littattafai kuma an sanye su da faifai tare da rikodin ayyukan da aka rufe a cikin mafi kyawun aiki - wannan yana magance matsalar nemo kayan kiɗan da suka dace don darasi, aikin gida, ko don nazari mai zaman kansa. Yawancin wasu kyawawan littattafai akan adabin kiɗa sun bayyana kwanan nan. Ina maimaita haka Manya kuma suna iya karanta irin waɗannan littattafan karatu tare da fa'ida sosai.

Waɗannan litattafan da sauri suna siyarwa a cikin shaguna kuma ba su da sauƙin samu. Abun shine ana buga su a cikin ƙananan bugu, kuma nan da nan ya zama rarity na littafi. Don kada ku ɓata lokacin bincike, ina ba da shawara oda dukkan jerin littattafan nan kai tsaye daga wannan shafin akan farashin mawallafa: kawai danna maɓallin "Saya" kuma sanya odar ku a cikin taga kantin kan layi wanda ya bayyana. Na gaba, zaɓi hanyar biyan kuɗi da hanyar bayarwa. Kuma a maimakon yin tafiyar sa'o'i da yawa a cikin shagunan sayar da littattafai don neman waɗannan littattafan, za ku same su cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan.

Bari in tunatar da ku cewa, a yau, ko ta yaya, mun fara magana game da wallafe-wallafen da za su kasance masu amfani ga duk wani mai son kiɗa ko mai sha'awar kiɗan gargajiya kawai. Haka ne, ko da waɗannan littattafan karatu ne, amma gwada buɗe su sannan ku daina karantawa?

Littattafai akan adabin kiɗa wasu nau'ikan litattafan karatu ne da ba daidai ba, suna da ban sha'awa da za a kira su kawai littattafan karatu. Mahaukatan mawakan nan gaba su kan yi karatu a makarantunsu na waka na hauka, da dare kuma idan matasan mawakan suna barci iyayensu suna karanta wadannan littattafan da nishadi, domin abin sha’awa ne! Nan!