Dimitri Mitropoulos (Mitropoulos, Dimitri) |

Mitropoulos, Dimitri

Mitropoulos shine fitaccen mai fasaha na farko da Girka ta zamani ta ba wa duniya. An haife shi a Atina, ɗan mai fataucin fata. Iyayensa sun so shi da farko ya zama firist, sa’an nan suka yi ƙoƙari su gane shi ma’aikacin jirgin ruwa ne. Amma Dimitri yana son kiɗa tun lokacin yaro kuma ya sami damar shawo kan kowa da kowa cewa shi ne makomarsa a ciki. A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha huɗu, ya riga ya san wasan operas na gargajiya da zuciya ɗaya, ya buga piano sosai - kuma, duk da ƙuruciyarsa, an yarda da shi a cikin Conservatory na Athens. Mitropoulos yayi karatu a nan a cikin piano da abun da ke ciki, ya rubuta kiɗa. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya kirkira akwai opera "Beatrice" zuwa rubutun Maeterlinck, wanda hukumomi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka yanke shawarar sanya dalibai. C. Saint-Saens ya halarci wannan wasan kwaikwayo. Abin sha'awa ga gwaninta mai haske na marubucin, wanda ya gudanar da abubuwan da ya rubuta, ya rubuta labarin game da shi a cikin ɗaya daga cikin jaridun Paris kuma ya taimaka masa ya sami damar ingantawa a wuraren ajiyar kayayyaki a Brussels (tare da P. Gilson) da Berlin (tare da F). .Busoni).

Bayan kammala karatunsa, Mitropoulos ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin madugu a Opera na Jihar Berlin daga 1921-1925. An ɗauke shi ta hanyar gudanarwa wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya kusan watsar da kiɗa da piano. A 1924, da matasa artist zama darektan Athens Symphony Orchestra da sauri ya fara samun daraja. Ya ziyarci Faransa, Jamus, Ingila, Italiya da sauran ƙasashe, yawon shakatawa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, inda kuma ya shahara da fasaha. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, mawaƙin Girkanci ya yi Concerto na uku na Prokofiev tare da haske na musamman, yana wasa da piano a lokaci guda kuma yana jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗa.

A cikin 1936, bisa gayyatar S. Koussevitzky, Mitropoulos ya zagaya Amurka a karon farko. Kuma bayan shekaru uku, jim kadan kafin a fara yakin, ya koma Amurka da sauri ya zama daya daga cikin mafi soyuwa da kuma shaharar masu gudanarwa a Amurka. Boston, Cleveland, Minneapolis su ne matakan rayuwarsa da aikinsa. Da farko a 1949, ya jagoranci (da farko tare da Stokowski) ɗayan mafi kyawun makada na Amurka, ƙungiyar Orchestra Philharmonic ta New York. Tun da yake rashin lafiya, ya bar wannan mukamin a shekarar 1958, amma har zuwa kwanakinsa na ƙarshe ya ci gaba da gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a Metropolitan Opera kuma ya zagaya da yawa a Amurka da Turai.

Shekaru na aiki a Amurka ya zama lokacin wadata ga Mitropoulos. An san shi a matsayin ƙwararren mai fassara na litattafai, ƙwararren farfagandar kiɗan zamani. Mitropoulos shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da ayyuka da yawa daga mawakan Turai ga jama'ar Amurka; Daga cikin abubuwan farko da aka gudanar a New York karkashin jagorancinsa akwai D. Shostakovich's Violin Concerto (tare da D. Oistrakh) da S. Prokofiev's Symphony Concerto (tare da M. Rostropovich).

Mitropoulos sau da yawa ana kiransa "mai jagora mai ban mamaki". Tabbas, yanayinsa a waje ya kasance na musamman - ya gudanar ba tare da sanda ba, tare da laconic sosai, wani lokacin kusan ba a iya fahimta ga jama'a, motsin hannunsa da hannayensa. Amma wannan bai hana shi samun babban ikon bayyana ikon yin aiki ba, amincin tsarin kiɗan. Wani dan sukar Ba’amurke D. Yuen ya rubuta: “Mitropoulos mai nagarta ne a tsakanin masu gudanarwa. Yana wasa da ƙungiyar makaɗarsa yayin da Horowitz ke buga piano, tare da ƙarfin zuciya da sauri. Nan da nan ya fara da alama cewa fasaharsa ba ta san matsala ba: ƙungiyar makaɗa ta amsa ga "taba" kamar dai piano ne. Alamun nasa suna nuna launuka masu yawa. Sirri, mai tsanani, kamar sufaye, idan ya shiga mataki, ba ya nan da nan ya ba da irin motar da ke cikinsa. Amma lokacin da kiɗan ke gudana a ƙarƙashin hannunsa, yakan canza. Duk wani sashe na jikinsa yana motsi da kidan. Hannunsa ya miƙe zuwa sararin samaniya, da alama yatsunsa suna tattara duk sautin ether. Fuskarsa tana nuna kowane nau'i na kiɗan da yake gudanarwa: anan yana cike da zafi, yanzu ya fashe cikin buɗe murmushi. Kamar kowane virtuoso, Mitropoulos yana jan hankalin masu sauraro ba kawai tare da nunin fasahar pyrotechnics ba, amma tare da dukkan halayensa. Ya mallaki sihirin Toscanini don haifar da wutar lantarki a lokacin da ya taka mataki. Mawaƙa da masu sauraro sun faɗi ƙarƙashin ikonsa, kamar an yi sihiri. Ko a rediyo za ku iya jin kasancewarsa mai kuzari. Mutum bazai son Mitropoulos, amma wanda ba zai iya zama ba ruwansa da shi. Kuma waɗanda ba sa son fassararsa ba za su iya musun cewa wannan mutumin yana ɗaukar masu sauraronsa tare da ƙarfinsa, sha'awarsa, nufinsa. Gaskiyar cewa shi haziƙi ne a bayyane ga duk wanda ya taɓa jin sa…”.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek