Tarihin kuge

Murmushi - kayan kida mai kida na dangin percussion, yana da siffar trapezoid tare da kirtani da aka shimfiɗa a kai. Haɓakar sauti yana faruwa lokacin da aka buga mallet ɗin katako guda biyu.Cymbals suna da kyakkyawan tarihi. Hotunan farko na dangi na kuge-gefe na chordophone za a iya gani a kan amphora Sumerian na karni na XNUMXth-XNUMXrd BC. e. An nuna irin wannan kayan aiki a cikin bas-relief daga Daular Babila ta Farko a karni na XNUMX BC. e. Ya kwatanta wani mutum yana wasa da sanduna a kan wani katako mai igiya guda bakwai a cikin sifar baka mai lanƙwasa.

Assuriyawa suna da nasu kayan aikin triganon, kama da kuge na farko. Yana da siffar triangular, yana da igiya tara, an fitar da sauti tare da taimakon sanduna. Kayan kida masu kama da kugi sun kasance a tsohuwar Girka - monochord, China - zhu. A Indiya, an yi rawar dulcimer - santur, igiyoyin da aka yi daga ciyawa munja, kuma ana wasa da sandunan bamboo. Af, a cewar masanin tarihi N. Findeisen, gypsies sun kawo kuge zuwa Turai. Wannan mutanen makiyaya ne a karni na XNUMX AD. ya fara gudun hijira daga Indiya, yana shiga cikin rukunin 'yan Rasha kaɗan, Belarusians da sauran kabilun Slavic.

A lokaci guda tare da yadawa, an inganta ƙirar kuge. Na'urar ta fara canza siffar da girmanta, ingancin igiyoyin kuma sun canza, idan da farko sun kasance a cikin kullun ko na hanji, to a cikin karni na XNUMX a cikin kasashen Asiya sun fara amfani da wayar alloy na jan karfe. A cikin karni na XNUMX, an fara amfani da waya ta ƙarfe a ƙasashen Turai.

A cikin karni na XIV, mashawarta na tsakiya sun nuna sha'awa ta musamman ga waɗannan kayan kida. Kowace mace ta manyan aji ta yi ƙoƙari ta mallaki wasan a kansu. Lokacin XVII-XVIII karni. a cikin tarihi, kuge suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da sunan Pantaleon Gebenshtreit. Tare da hannun haske na Sarkin Faransa, Louis XIV, an sanya sabon sunan "pantaleon" zuwa kayan aiki don girmama babban dan wasan cymbalist na Jamus.

A cikin ƙarni na XNUMX, mawaƙa sun fara gabatar da kuge a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta opera. Misali shine wasan opera "Ban Bank" na Ferenc Erkel da operetta "Love Gypsy" na Ferenc Lehar.

Maigidan Hungarian V. Shunda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta kuge; ya ƙara adadin kirtani, ya ƙarfafa firam ɗin, kuma ya ƙara injin damp.A kotuna na sarakunan Rasha, kuge ya bayyana a ƙarshen karni na 1586. A cikin XNUMX, Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Ingila ta ba da kyauta ga Sarauniyar Rasha Irina Feodorovna a cikin nau'ikan kayan kida. Daga cikinsu akwai kuge da aka lulluɓe da zinariya da duwatsu masu daraja. Kyau da sautin kayan aikin sun burge sarauniya kawai. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ya kasance babban fan na kuge. Cymbalists Milenty Stepanov, Tomilo Besov da Andrey Andreev taka leda a kotu. A lokacin sarautar Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, shahararren dan wasan kuge Johann Baptist Gumpenhuber ya shagaltar da jiga-jigan kotun tare da wasa mai kyau, wanda ya ba kowa mamaki da tsabtar aikinsa. Babban fitarwa, kuge da aka samu a cikin ƙasashen Ukraine, shigar da kiɗan fasahar jama'a. An fara jan zaren cikin kuge ɗaya bayan ɗaya, biyu ga kowane sautin, ko ma uku - mawaƙa na kirtani. Kuge na da kewayon na biyu da rabi zuwa octaves huɗu.

Akwai nau'ikan kuge guda biyu: jama'a da kide-kide-ilimi. Sautin su ya yi daidai da wasan babbar ƙungiyar makaɗa.