Tarihin guitar

Guitar sanannen kayan kida ne mai zare. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman rakiyar kayan aiki ko solo a nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban.

Tarihin bayyanar guitar ya koma ƙarni, da yawa millennia BC. Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kirtani da aka zare shi ne ɗan Sumerian da Babila, wanda aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. A zamanin d Misira, an yi amfani da irin wannan kayan kida: nabla, zither da nefer, yayin da Indiyawa sukan yi amfani da giya da sitar. A zamanin d Rasha, sun buga garaya da aka sani ga kowa da kowa daga tatsuniyoyi, kuma a tsohuwar Girka da Roma - kitars. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a dauki tsohon citharas a matsayin "kakanni" na guitar.

Galibin kayan kidan da aka fizge kafin zuwan gitar suna da zagayen jiki da doguwar wuya mai igiyoyi 3-4 da aka shimfida a kai. A farkon karni na 3, an yi amfani da kayan aikin ruan da yueqin a kasar Sin, wadanda aka yi jikinsu da allunan sauti guda biyu da harsashi da ke hade su.

Turawa sun ji daɗin ƙirƙirar mutane daga Asiya ta dā. Suka fara ƙirƙira sababbin kayan kida. A cikin karni na 6, kayan kida na farko sun bayyana wadanda suka yi kama da guitar zamani: Moorish da guitars Latin, lutes, da kuma wasu ƴan ƙarni daga baya vihuela ya bayyana, wanda a cikin tsari ya zama samfurin farko na guitar.

Saboda yaduwar kayan aiki a ko'ina cikin Turai, sunan "guitar" ya sami manyan canje-canje. A tsohuwar Girka, "guitar" yana da sunan "kithara", wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Spain a matsayin Latin "cithara", sannan zuwa Italiya a matsayin "chitarra", kuma daga baya "gitar" ya bayyana a Faransa da Ingila. Na farko ambaton kayan kida mai suna "guitar" ya samo asali ne tun karni na 13.

A cikin karni na 15, an ƙirƙira wani kayan aiki mai igiyoyi guda biyar a Spain. Irin wannan kayan aiki ana kiransa guitar Mutanen Espanya kuma ya zama alamar kiɗa na Spain. An bambanta shi da guitar zamani ta hanyar jiki mai tsayi da ƙananan sikelin. A ƙarshen karni na 18, gitar ta Sipaniya ta ɗauki kyan gani da kuma tarin guntu don yin wasa, wanda mawaƙin Italiyanci Mauro Giuliani ya taimaka.A farkon karni na 19, maginin Gita na Sipaniya Antonio Torres ya inganta guitar zuwa siffa da girmanta na zamani. Irin wannan guitar ya zama sanannun guitars na gargajiya.

Gitar gargajiya ta bayyana a Rasha saboda godiya ga Mutanen Espanya da ke yawon shakatawa a kasar. Yawancin lokaci ana kawo guitar a matsayin abin tunawa kuma da wuya a same ta, sun bayyana ne kawai a cikin gidaje masu arziki kuma sun rataye a bango. Bayan lokaci, masters daga Spain ya bayyana, wanda ya fara yin gita a Rasha.

Shahararren guitarist na farko daga Rasha shine Nikolai Petrovich Makarov, wanda a cikin 1856 ya yi ƙoƙari ya shirya gasar guitar ta duniya ta farko a Rasha, amma ra'ayinsa ya kasance mai ban mamaki kuma an ƙi. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Nikolai Petrovich ya iya shirya gasar, amma ba a Rasha ba, amma a Dublin.

Bayan ya bayyana a Rasha, guitar ta sami sababbin ayyuka: an ƙara kirtani ɗaya, an canza sautin guitar. Gita mai kirtani bakwai ya fara kiransa da guitar Rasha. Har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, wannan guitar ya shahara ba kawai a Rasha ba, amma a duk faɗin Turai. Amma bayan yakin duniya na 2, shahararsa ta ki, kuma a Rasha sun fara wasa da guitar na yau da kullum. A halin yanzu, guitars na Rasha ba safai ba ne.

Tare da zuwan piano, sha'awar guitar ta fara raguwa, amma a cikin tsakiyar karni na 20 ya dawo saboda bayyanar guitar guitar.

Rickenbacker ne ya kirkiro guitar ta farko a shekarar 1936. An yi ta ne da jikin karfe kuma tana da tsinken maganadisu. A cikin 1950, Les Paul ya ƙirƙira guitar lantarki ta farko ta katako, amma bayan ɗan lokaci ya tura haƙƙin ra'ayinsa ga Leo Fender, saboda ba shi da goyon bayan kamfanin da ya yi aiki. Yanzu zanen gitar lantarki yana da kamanni kamar a shekarun 1950 kuma bai sami sauyi ko ɗaya ba.