Tarihin Sheng

Shen – iska Reed kayan kida. Yana daya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kida na kasar Sin.

Tarihin Sheng

Na farko ambaton shen ya koma 1100 BC. Tarihin asalinsa yana da alaƙa da kyakkyawan labari - an yi imanin cewa sheng ya ba wa mutane Nuwa, mahaliccin ɗan adam da allahn daidaitawa da aure.

Sautin sheng yayi kama da kukan tsuntsun Phoenix. Lallai, sautin na'urar yana bayyana musamman kuma a sarari. Da farko, an yi nufin sheng don yin kiɗan ruhaniya. A zamanin mulkin daular Zhou (1046-256 BC), ya sami farin jini mafi girma. Ya kasance a matsayin kayan rakiyar ƴan rawa na kotu da mawaƙa. Bayan lokaci, ya zama sananne a tsakanin jama'a, ana iya jin shi akai-akai a bukukuwan birane, bukukuwa da bukukuwa. A cikin Rasha, an san Shen ne kawai a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth.

Na'urar da fasaha na hakar sauti

Sheng - ana la'akari da kakannin kayan kida, fasalin fasalin wanda shine hanyar reed na cire sauti. Haka kuma, saboda yadda sheng ke ba ka damar fitar da sautuka da dama a lokaci guda, ana iya dauka cewa a kasar Sin ne suka fara gudanar da ayyuka masu yawan sauti. Bisa ga hanyar samar da sauti, sheng yana cikin rukuni na aerophones - kayan aiki, wanda sautin shine sakamakon girgizar ginshiƙin iska.

Sheng yana cikin nau'ikan harmonicas iri-iri kuma an bambanta shi da kasancewar bututun resonator. Kayan aiki ya ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: jiki ("douzi"), tubes, reeds.

Jiki kwano ne mai bakin da ake hura iska. Da farko an yi wannan kwanon ne daga gour, daga baya kuma daga itace ko karfe. Yanzu akwai lokuta da aka yi da jan karfe ko itace, varnished. A jikin akwai ramuka don bututu da aka yi da bamboo. Yawan tubes ya bambanta: 13, 17, 19 ko 24. Har ila yau, suna da tsayi daban-daban, amma an shirya su a cikin nau'i-nau'i kuma suna da alaƙa da juna. Ba dukkan bututu ba ne ake amfani da su a wasan, wasu daga cikinsu na ado ne. Ana huda ramuka a kasan bututun, ta hanyar danne su kuma a lokaci guda ana hura iska ko hura iska, mawakan suna fitar da sauti. A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren akwai harsuna, waɗanda sune farantin karfe da aka yi da gwal na zinariya, azurfa ko tagulla, kauri 0,3 mm. An yanke harshe na tsawon da ake buƙata a cikin farantin - don haka, firam da harshe guda ɗaya ne. Don haɓaka sautin, ana yin ramukan a tsaye a cikin ɓangaren ciki na sama na bututu ta yadda iskar iskar ta faru da sautin raƙuman ruwa. Sheng yayi aiki a matsayin samfuri na accordion da harmonium a farkon karni na 19.

Sheng a cikin duniyar zamani

Sheng ita ce daya tilo daga cikin kayan kida na gargajiyar kasar Sin da ake amfani da su wajen yin wasa a cikin kungiyar makada saboda bambancin sautinta.

Daga cikin nau'ikan shengs, an bambanta ma'auni masu zuwa:

• Dangane da filin wasa: sheng-tops, sheng-alto, sheng-bass.
• Dangane da girman jiki: dasheng (babban sheng) - 800 mm daga tushe, gzhongsheng (tsakiyar sheng) - 430 mm, xiaosheng (karamin sheng) - 405 mm.

Kewayon sauti ya dogara da lamba da tsawon bututun. Sheng yana da ma'aunin chromatic mataki-mataki goma sha biyu, wanda yake da ma'aunin zafi iri ɗaya. Don haka, sheng ba wai kawai daya daga cikin tsofaffin kayayyakin gargajiya na kasar Sin da suka wanzu ba har zuwa zamaninmu, amma har yanzu tana ci gaba da zama wani wuri na musamman a al'adun Gabas - mawakan suna yin kide-kide a kan solo shen, a cikin gungu da kuma a cikin kungiyar kade-kade.