Menene melismas a cikin kiɗa

Kiɗa ita ce fasahar kyawun sauti. A mafi yawan sassan kiɗan, waƙar ta fi rakiyar waƙar. Bayyanar layin melodic, santsi ko spasmodicity, timbre - duk wannan yana saita yanayi da hoton abun da ke ciki. Melismas na taimakawa wajen wadatar da waƙar, sanya shi haske, daɗaɗɗa kuma mafi kyau. Menene melismas da kayan ado? Daga ina waɗannan sharuɗɗan suka fito? Menene alamun zayyana melismas kuma ta yaya ake tantance su? Za ku koyi game da shi a wannan shafin. 

Menene kayan ado da melismas?

Kalmar ado ta fito daga kalmar Latin ornamentum. Ana fassara kalmar zuwa Rashanci azaman kayan ado. A cikin aikin kiɗa, kayan ado ya haɗa da hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin ado da waƙa tare da taimakon sautunan taimako. Ana kiran ƙarin adadi na ado, waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• sifofi - hanyar sarrafa rubutu na kayan kiɗa, hanyar bambance-bambancen ci gaba;
• fioritures (transl. flowering) - virtuoso sassa tare da ƙananan durations;
• sassa - motsi na sikelin;
• tiraty hanya ce mai saurin aiwatar da ma'auni. Kalmar ta fi kama da fasahar murya, kodayake galibi ana samun ta a cikin ƙwararrun kiɗan kayan aiki.

Melismas kalma ce ta kiɗa don ƙananan kayan ado na kiɗa. Ana samun wannan suna a cikin kiɗan murya da na kayan aiki. Melismas ya bambanta a tsawon lokacin sauti, a cikin rikitarwa na aikin.

Babban melismas da ake amfani da su a cikin kiɗan gargajiya ana ɗaukar su:

• gajeren bayanin alheri;
• dogon bayanin alheri;
• m;
• gruppetto;
• trill;
• arpeggio.

Kiɗa yana da yare na musamman, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa melismas wasu nau'ikan gajarce ne waɗanda ke buƙatar yankewa. Irin wannan buƙatar ƙirƙirar alamu na musamman ya tashi don adana lokaci kawai. Bari mu yi la'akari da kowane melismas daban.

Bayanin alheri: sanarwa, yadda ake wasa

Fassara daga Jamusanci azaman bugun gaba kafin bayanin kula. Wannan kayan ado na waƙa na iya ƙunshi sau ɗaya ko fiye. Rubutun alheri yana gaba da ɗaya daga cikin sautin waƙar. Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa game da rhythm, melisma yana cikin asusun ajiyar lokacin da aka haɗa shi. Yawanci, alamar rubutu ƙarami ce ko bayanin kula waɗanda aka sanya sama da bayanin waƙar ko maɗaukaki. Akwai nau'i biyu na tsawon lokaci: gajere da tsawo. Ba kamar gajere ba, tsawon dogon bayanin alheri kusan koyaushe yana ɗaukar rabin ko kashi uku na babban bayanin kula. Yana da wuyar gaske. Ku kalli hoton ku saurari sautin gajeriyar bayanin alheri da sautin dogon bayanin alheri.

Dokokin wasan Grace:

1. Kunna bayanin alheri da sauri.
2. Zaɓi app ɗin da ya dace. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da yatsun da ke kusa.
3. Ya kamata motsi ya zama santsi, zamiya.
4. Dole ne a ba da fifiko kan babban bayanin kula.

Mordent: bayanin kula, yadda ake wasa

An raba Mordents zuwa guda ko biyu. Duk da haka, ana iya ketare su ko sauƙi. An nuna shi azaman layin kaifi mai kaifi.

Sauƙaƙe mordent guda ɗaya shine waƙar babban sauti daga sama. A wannan yanayin, an raba tsawon lokaci. Ji yadda wannan ado ke sauti.

Sau biyu mordent ya ninka sau biyu fiye da guda mordent. A lokaci guda, dole ne a yi shi a cikin kuɗin babban bayanin kula, wato, kada ya ɗauki lokaci fiye da ƙayyadaddun lokaci. Saurari yadda ƙetare da sauƙaƙan sauti biyu masu sauƙi.

Ana rarraba Gruppetto azaman rukuni na bayanin kula, wanda ya ƙunshi ci gaba da rera babban sauti. Don haka idan alamar gruppetto tana sama da bayanin “yi”, to za a fassara ta a matsayin “re”, “do”, “si”, “do”. Inda re da si za su kasance sautunan gabatarwa. Ana yin wannan adadi a cikin babban lokaci.

Trill: bayanin yadda ake wasa

Bisa ga dabarar wasan kwaikwayon, trill yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun halaye da dabaru masu rikitarwa. Saurin sauya bayanan da ke kusa da shi ne, mai kwatankwacin nau'in trills na nightingale. An nuna azaman haɗin haruffan “tr” sama da babban bayanin kula. Saurari yadda wannan ado ke sauti:

Dole ne a buga wasan kamar haka:

1. Babu buƙatar yin gaggawa lokacin kunna jerin bayanan rubutu a cikin trill a karon farko.
2. Juya nauyin ku daga yatsa ɗaya zuwa wancan;
3. Kula da daidaiton sautin;
4. Yi wasa a hankali har sai kun sami 'yanci don motsawa;
5. A hankali ƙara taki har sai kun kawo shi zuwa saurin da ake buƙata.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa trill ɗin ya kasance ko da kuma baya dagula saurin mita gaba ɗaya a cikin abun da ke ciki.

Arpeggio: bayanin yadda ake wasa

Wannan dabarar ta saba da farko don aiwatar da waƙoƙi, ƙasa da yawa don tazara. An fi amfani da shi don kayan kida kamar piano, garaya, guitar, ko rukunin kayan kida. An nuna shi ta hanyar layi mai lanƙwasa tare da dukan maƙarƙashiya. Ana kunna sautuna daga ƙasa zuwa sama a cikin saurin jeri. Saurari yadda ƙwanƙwasa ke yin sauti lokacin wasa da arpeggio.

Yadda ake koyon wasan arpeggios:

1. Zaɓi yatsa mai dacewa;
2. Sannu a hankali kunna jerin sautin maƙarƙashiya;
3. Kula da daidaituwar ƙwanƙwasa;
4. A hankali, ana iya ƙara saurin gudu;
5. Tabbatar cewa kafadu ba su tashi ba, saboda wannan yana nuna manne.
6. Dole ne motsi ya kasance da sauri da sauri.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa ba a ɗaure hannun hannu yayin wasan kwaikwayon. Dole ne goga ya zama kyauta, dole ne ya kasance yana karkata zuwa saman sautin maƙarƙashiya.

Tarihin kayan ado

Lokacin da aka haifi kiɗa, to, akwai sha'awar yin motsin da ya bambanta tare da taimakon sauye-sauye masu ban sha'awa. A hankali, lokacin da aka kafa bayanin kida, lokacin da aka tsara fasahar kiɗan, to, ƙidayar ta fara a cikin tarihin kayan ado. Gaskiyar ita ce, da yawa daga cikin juyin sun zama ba kawai wani ɓangare na ingantawa ba, har ma da wasu alamomin da mawallafa suka rubuta su akai-akai.

Amfani da melismas a duka kayan kida da kiɗan murya ya sami karɓuwa musamman a lokacin Baroque. Kiɗa a cikin lokacin daga karni na 16-18 ya cika da kyawawan kayan ado. A yawancin ayyukan Bach, ana iya samun mordents da trills. 

A wancan zamani, nau'in "concert" ya yi rinjaye. Abubuwan da ke cikin nau'in nau'in sun haɗa da lokacin gasa, a cikin solo cadence mai wasan kwaikwayo dole ne ya nuna ba wai kawai nagarta da kyakkyawan umarnin kayan aikin ba, har ma da salon kiɗan mutum ɗaya. Yin amfani da melisma da ya dace ya taimaka wajen ƙara raye-raye da ɗabi'a ga kiɗan, kuma ya nuna ikon mawaƙin na haɓaka da fasaha.

A cikin kiɗan murya, musamman a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci, an ba da kayan ado mai mahimmanci. Dole ne mawaƙa sun ƙware dabarun da ke taimakawa wajen rera waƙoƙin alheri cikin sauƙi.  

Ana iya samun ayyuka masu ban sha'awa na ado da ban sha'awa a zamanin Rococo. Yawancin melismas ya yi nasara a cikin aikin mawaƙan mawaƙa na Faransa Francois Couperin da Jean Philippe Rameau.

A cikin kiɗa na romanticism, melismatics kuma sun sami amfani mai aiki. A cikin piano miniatures na Franz Liszt , Frederic Chopin , melismas ya taimaka wajen canza launin waƙar, ya sa ya fi dacewa da zuciya.

Ana kuma iya jin Melismas a cikin kiɗan zamani. Don haka a cikin jazz da blues, mawaƙa sukan yi amfani da bayanan alheri da trills. Wadannan kayan ado suna musamman halayen haɓakawa.