Simmetrical Frets |
simmetrical frets - frets, ma'auni wanda ya dogara ne akan daidaitaccen rabo na octave. Kamar sauran frets, S.l. an gina su bisa wata cibiya. element (a takaice kamar CE). Duk da haka, sabanin, misali, daga babba ko ƙarami, S. l. an kafa su ba bisa ga babba ko ƙananan triad ba, amma bisa tushen yarda (ko dangantakar tsakiya) wanda ya samo asali ne daga rarrabuwar semitones 12 zuwa 2, 3, 4 ko 6 daidai sassa. Saboda haka dama 4 - 12: 6, 12: 4, 12: 3, 12: 2 kuma, bisa ga haka, 4 babba. ta S.l. An ba da sunansu bisa ga CE ɗinsu (kamar yadda ake ba manyan suna CE – manyan triad): I – sautin gaba ɗaya (CE 12: 6 = sautin gabaɗaya mai sauti shida); II - raguwa, ko ƙananan mitoci (CE 12: 4 = maɗaukaki na bakwai mai hankali); III - karuwa, ko mafi girma terts (CE 12: 3 = ƙara triad); IV - tritone (ko yanayin biyu, kalmar BL Yavorsky) (CE 12: 2 = tritone). Dangane da takamaiman. Tsarin sikelin III da na IV nau'ikan frets sun kasu kashi da yawa. subtypes. Rabe-rabe mai yiwuwa 12:12 yana ba da ƙarin nau'in S. l. (V) - iyakance, amma babu dukiya. tsarin sabili da haka a tsaye baya. Pivot Tebur S.l .:
Bayanin Theoretical S. na l. karba a layi tare da ado. hadisai na ka'idar ma'auni, wanda ya sanya su a cikin dangantaka ta dabi'a tare da wasu nau'ikan tsarin modal - hanyoyin manyan ƙananan ƙananan tsarin da tsakiyar zamanai. tashin hankali. Bayanin gama gari ga kowa shine kowane nau'in yanayi, dangane da CE ɗin sa, yayi daidai da ɗayan ci gaban ƙididdiga da aka sani tun zamanin da - lissafi, jituwa da lissafi. Jerin lambobi da suka kirkira, waɗanda ke ba da CE na kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsarin, ana bayar da su ta hanyar ƙima na lambobi. hawa da sauka.
Misalin aikace-aikacen S.l. a cikin waƙar lita-re (lambobin suna nuna lambobin S. l. a cikin misalin kiɗan):
1. MI Glinka. "Ruslan da Lyudmila", sikelin Chernomor. 2. NA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Sadko", zanen na 2. 3. NA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Zinar zakara", zakara ya yi cara (lamba 76, sanduna 5-10). 4. NA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Yarinyar dusar ƙanƙara", taken Leshy (lambobi 56-58). 5. AN Cherepnin. Nazarin piano. op. 56 ba 4. 6. IP Stravinsky. "Firebird" (lambobi 22-29). 7. IDAN Stravinsky. "Faski", jigon Petrushka (duba a Art. Polyaccord). 8. SV Protopov. "Crow and Cancer" don murya tare da piano. 9. Ya Almasihu. "20 views...", No 5 (duba labarin Polymodality). 10. AK Lyadoi. "Daga Apocalypse" (lamba 7). 11. Ya Almasihu. L' Hawan Yesu zuwa ga gabobi, motsi na 4. 12. A. Webern. Bambance-bambance don fp. op. 27, 4th part (duba a Art. Dodecaphony).
Duba kuma labarin Yanayin Tritone, Ƙara yanayin, Rage yanayin, Yanayin sauti duka.
S. l. - daya daga cikin nau'o'in tsari (modaality) tare da pentatonic, diatonic, decomp. irin rikitarwa frets. S. l. sun rabu da tsarin gama-gari na Turai na manya da ƙanana (ka'idodin sl suna jujjuya jeri, zagayowar daidai-daidai na tonalities, figuration, da anharmonicity na daidai-daidaitan tazara). Samfurori na farko na S. l. bazuwar yanayi (na farko, kafin 1722, a cikin sarabande na 3rd English suite na JS Bach, sanduna 17-19: des2 (ces2) -bl-as1-g1-f1-e1-d1-cis1. Amfani da C L. a matsayin ma'anar bayyanawa ta musamman ta fara a cikin karni na 19 (ƙarin yanayi da ma'aunin sautin gaba ɗaya a cikin bass Sanctus na taro Es-dur ta Schubert, 1828; haɓaka yanayin da ma'aunin sautin gabaɗaya a cikin bass a cikin opera Allah da Bayadere na Auber, 1830, a cikin 1835 post a St. Dargomyzhsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Lyadov, VI Rebikov, AN Skryabin, IF Stravinsky, AN Cherepnin, da kuma SS Prokofiev, N. Ya. Myaskovskiy, DD Shostakovich, SV Protopopov, MIVerikovsky, SE Feinberg, AN Alexandrov da sauransu. masu rubuta wa S.l. F. Liszt, R. Wagner, K. Debussy, B. Bartok magana; musamman yadu da dalla-dalla S.l. O. Messiaen ya haɓaka. A cikin kiɗan S. ka'idar l. asali an kwatanta su azaman hanyoyin baƙo na musamman (misali, a cikin G. Kapellen, 1908, an nuna "Kiɗa mai cikakken sautin Sinanci" akan samfuran da marubucin ya haɗa a matsayin "matsananciyar tsattsauran ra'ayi"). A cikin ilimin ka'idar kida na Rasha bayanin farko na S. l. (a karkashin sunan "da'irar" modulating jerin, "da'irori" na manyan da ƙananan uku) nasa ne Rimsky-Korsakov (1884-85); bayanin ka'idar S. na farko na l. BL Yavorsky ya gabatar da shi a farkon. Karni na 20 Daga kasashen waje. masu nazari akan ka'idar S. l. wanda Messiaen ya haɓaka da farko ("Hanyoyin Canje-canje masu iyaka", 1944) da E. Lendvai ("Tsarin Axes", akan misalin kiɗan Bartok, 1957).
References: Rimsky-Korsakov NA, Littafi Mai Tsarki na jituwa, St. Petersburg, 1886, guda, Poln. kull. suke., vol. IV, M., 1960; Yavorsky BL, Tsarin magana na kiɗa, sassan 1-3, (M., 1908); Kastalsky AD, Siffofin tsarin kiɗa na jama'a-Rasha, M. - Pg., 1923, 1961; AM, A. Cherepnin (notography), "Kiɗa na Zamani", 1925, No 11; Protopopov SV, Abubuwan da tsarin tsarin magana na kiɗa, sassan 1-2, M., 1930; Tyutmanov IA, Wasu fasalulluka na modal-harmonic style HA Rimsky-Korsakov, a cikin littafin: Scientific da methodological bayanin kula na Saratov jihar. kundin tarihi, vol. 1-4, Saratov, 1957-61; Budrin B., Wasu tambayoyi na Harmonic Harmonic Rimsky-Korsakov a cikin wasan kwaikwayo a farkon rabin 90s, Gabatarwa na Sashen Ka'idar Kiɗa na Moscow Conservatory, vol. 1, 1960; Sposobin IV, Lakcoci akan tafarkin jituwa, M., 1969; Kholopov Yu. N., Hanyoyin simmetric a cikin tsarin ka'idar Yavorsky da Messiaen, a cikin littafin: Kiɗa da Zamani, vol. 7, M., 1971; Mazel LA, Matsalolin jituwa na gargajiya, M., 1972; Tsukkerman VA, Wasu tambayoyi na jituwa, a cikin littafinsa: Maƙalar Kiɗa da ka'idar Kiɗa da Tudes, vol. 2, M., 1975; Capellen G., Ein neuer exotischer Musikstil, Stuttg., 11; nasa, Fortschrittliche Harmonie- und Melodielehre, Lpz., 1906; Busoni F., Entwurf einer neuen Дsthetik der Tonkunst, Triest, 1908 (Fassarar Rasha: Busoni F., Zane na sabon kayan ado na fasahar kiɗa, St. Petersburg, 1907); Schönberg A., Harmonielehre.W., 1912; Setacio1911i G., Note ed appunti al Trattato d'armonia di C. de Sanctis…, Mil. NY, (1); Weig1923 B., Harmonielehre, Bd 1-1, Mainz, 2; Hbba A., Neue Harmonielehre…, Lpz., 1925; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage m, v. 1927-1, P., (2); Lendvai E., Einführung in die Formenund Harmoniewelt Bartoks, a cikin: Byla Bartuk. Weg und Werk, Bdpst, 1944; Reich W., Alexander Tcsherepnin, Bonn, (1957).
Yu. H. Kholopov
