Ashug |

wuta turk soyayya wasika - a soyayya

Mawaƙin ƙwararrun mawaƙa da mawaƙa tsakanin Azerbaijan, Armeniya da maƙwabta na Tarayyar Soviet da ƙasashen waje. Sut na A. roba ne. Ya kirkiro wakoki, wakoki, almara. almara (dastans), waƙa, tare da kansa a kan saz (Azerbaijan), tar ko kemancha (Armenia). A cikin wasan kwaikwayon A. akwai kuma abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo. iƙirarin (hanyoyin fuska, motsin rai, da sauransu). Wasu A. masu yin wasa ne kawai. Magabatan A. a Azabaijan sun kasance ozans (wasu sunayen - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, da sauransu); in Armenia – gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Bayanin farko game da A. yana ƙunshe a hannu. masana tarihi Movses Khornatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe da sauransu, a Azerbaijan. almara "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 ƙarni).

Babban sashin aikin A. shine wakoki. Wakokin ashug na gabanin juyin juya hali sun yi tir da ɓangarorin duhu na rigimar. rayuwa, waƙar jaruntaka. gwagwarmaya da azzalumi, wanda aka cusa wa al'umma soyayyar kasar uwa. Bayan kafa Soviet ikon waƙar A. yana cike da sababbin abubuwan da ke hade da manyan canje-canje a cikin al'umma. hanyar rayuwa, tare da gurguzu. gini.

Waƙoƙin Ashug yawanci suna da kunkuntar kewayon kuma ana gabatar da su a cikin babban rajista. Melodich. motsi yana da santsi; ƙananan tsalle-tsalle (kowane uku, na huɗu) ana biye da su ta hanyar cika su. Maimaituwa na yau da kullun, bambance-bambancen waƙoƙi da duka gine-gine, metro-rhythm. dukiya. Wani lokaci waƙoƙin waƙa suna ƙarƙashin sa hannun tabbataccen lokaci, misali:

Wani lokaci sun bambanta a cikin karatun-haɓaka. 'yanci. An sani ca. Waƙoƙin gargajiya guda 80 waɗanda suka haɗa da tarihin dindindin na A. Mawaƙi ne ya ƙayyade sunayensu. siffofin ("gerayly", "sofas", "mukhammes", da dai sauransu), wuraren da suka fi yawa ("Goyche gulu"), dastans, wanda aka haɗa su ("Keremi", "Ker-ogly") da dai sauransu. Waɗannan waƙoƙin, yayin da suke kiyaye babban su. sandar innation, ana wadatar da ita akai-akai da rhythmically. Ana yin wakoki iri-iri zuwa waƙa iri ɗaya. rubutun waka. Wakokin Ashug guda biyu ne. Instr yana taka rawa sosai a cikinsu. interludes. A cikin kiɗan A. akwai abubuwan harmonica. polyphony - quarto-biyar, terts-quarte, da sauran masu magana (a cikin saz).

Major Azerbaijan. Masana ilimin tarihi na zamanin da su ne Gurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (ƙarni na 16), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (ƙarni na 18), da Alesker (ƙarni na 19). A. na zamaninmu - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Apper Jafarov, Adalet (mai yin virtuoso akan saz); I. Yusifov ya shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ashugs daga 25-30 mawaƙa da masu wasan kwaikwayo na balaman.

Mafi shaharar hannu. A. na baya - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, zamani A. - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot da sauransu.

Siffofin salo na kiɗan A. sun sami aiwatarwa a cikin adadin Op. Prof. mawaƙa, misali. a cikin operas "Almast" na Spendiarov, "Shakhsenem" na Gliere, "Kor-oglu" na Gadzhibekov, "Veten" na Karaev da Gadzhiev, a cikin suite "Azerbaijan" na Amirov, a cikin Symphony na uku na Karaev.

References: Waƙar Armeniya tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yau, ed. da shiga. rubutu da bayanin kula. V. Ya. Bryusova. Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., Armeniya mawaƙa-ashugs, "SM", 1937, No 7; Krivonosov V., Ashugs na Azerbaijan, "SM", 1938, No 4; Anthology na waƙar Azerbaijan, M., 1939; Anthology na waqoqin Armeniya, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Wasu tambayoyi na fasahar ashug, a cikin tarin: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. I, Baku, 1949; ta, Wasu tambayoyi na kerawa na kiɗan ashugs, a cikin tarin: kiɗan Azerbaijan, M., 1961; nata, The Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (maqala ta tarihi), a cikin tarin: The Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (a Azeri); nata, Kamus na kida da wakoki na Azerbaijan ashugs, a cikin tarin: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Tambayoyi na tarihi da ka'idar Armeniya monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Maƙala kan tarihin kiɗa na mutanen Tarayyar Soviet, vol. 2, M., 1963.

E. Abasova