Zauren kide kide |

Zauren kide-kide wuri ne da aka yi niyya don nuna waƙar jama'a. samfurori, dacewa da kayan aiki da kuma biyan wasu buƙatun sauti. da bukatun gine-gine. Faruwar Zuwa. - sakamako na halitta istorich. ci gaban kiɗa. al'ada a cikin con. 17- bara. Karni na 18 Idan a zamanin baya cibiyoyin isp. kiɗa sun kasance majami'u, fadoji, parishes. t-ry, aristocratic. salon gyara gashi don zuba iyaka. da'irar mutane, sa'an nan yayin da bourgeoisie tasowa. al'umma conc. masu sauraro sun fara fadada sosai, akwai conc. ƙungiyoyin da suka shirya wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun na ƙungiyoyi da masu soloists a cikin harabar 'yan kasuwa. da ƙungiyoyin sana'a, dakunan otal da gidajen cin abinci, da kuma a harabar gidan wasan opera. Na farko na musamman K. z. An gina shi a cikin 1690 a London ta Concerts of Vocal and Instrumental Music Society. Duk cikin karni na 18 K. z. ya taso a Faransa, Holland, Jamus, da wasu ƙasashen Turai da dama; kamfanoni, gidajen buga littattafai, muses sun shiga cikin ginin su. about-va da sauran kungiyoyi. Ginin K. z. a cikin karni na 19 a sakamakon babban tsarin dimokradiyya na muses. rayuwa, da kuma bullar manyan makada na dindindin. Wannan ya haifar da karuwa a cikin girman da ƙarfin dakunan dakunan (har zuwa 1,5-2 dubu mutane). A lokaci guda ɓullo da gine-gine da Acoustic. ka'idoji masu dacewa da gini. dabara na wancan lokacin.

A cikin karni na 20 m ginin K. z ya ci gaba. Ana ta da kwararru. Ana sake dawo da dakuna na shagalin kide kide da wake-wake da kuma sake shirya su don wuraren shagali. tsoffin manyan fadoji da katanga, a wasu lokuta kamar K. z. ana amfani da majami'u. gini. Tare da wannan, an halicci manyan K. z. (dubu 3 ko sama da haka), inda ake amfani da sabbin nasarorin acoustics. fasaha. Sauye-sauye daga siffar murabba'i na gajeren gajeren zango na farko ya zama halayyar. zuwa rectangular ko m, tare da mataki, a fili raba daga masu sauraro. layuka. A cikin shari'o'in sashen, matakin yana cikin tsakiyar zauren. Girman zamani K. z. sun bambanta: zauren majalisa (har zuwa kujeru 500) an yi nufin Ch. arr. don wasan kwaikwayo na soloists, don sonata maraice da ƙananan instr. da wok. ƙungiyoyi; manyan zaure (daga kujeru 500 ko fiye) - don wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki. mawaƙa, mawaƙa, waƙa da mawaƙa. ƙungiyoyi, da kuma manyan soloists. Akwai kuma wadanda ake kira. wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na rani da aka gina a sararin sama a cikin nau'i na amphitheaters tare da matakin "harsashi" ko tare da kujeru don masu kallo a ƙarƙashin rufin haske mai haske. Ana gina irin wannan dakunan bh a wuraren shakatawa da kuma kewayen birni na manyan birane. Daban-daban K.z. mallaki dukkan cibiyoyin al'adun zamani na duniya. Yawancin zauren na cikin philharmonic, kiɗa. game da ku, Conservatories, prof. ƙungiyoyi. Zuwa mafi kyawun zarub. K. z. na K.z. Society of Friends of Music (Vienna), House of Arts. Smetana (Prague), Ateneum (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Festival Hall da Albert Hall (London), Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall (New York) , Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), West Berlin Philharmonic, Gavo, Pleyel (Paris), Concerthuset (Stockholm), da dai sauransu.

Na farko K. z. yayi aiki a Rasha a cikin karni na 18. gidan wasan kwaikwayo. zaure, music zauren clubs, ilimi cibiyoyin (Smolny da Ekaterininsky cibiyoyin, Academy of Arts a St. Petersburg, Moscow Jami'ar, da dai sauransu), daga 19th karni. Har ila yau, harabar babban taro na St. Petersburg, Moscow da sauran garuruwa, inda ake gudanar da bukukuwan kide-kide na biya akai-akai. A cikin bene na 2. Ƙarni na 19 an gina manyan ɗakunan ajiya. a Petersburg. da Mosk. wuraren ajiyar kayayyaki, sannan daga baya da dama na musamman a wasu garuruwa. Bayan Babban Oct. gurguzu. juyin juya hali a K. z. da gabatarwa na daraja majalisai da aka tuba (K. z. Leningrad. Philharmonic Society, Column Hall na House of the Unions a Moscow, da NV Lysenko Philharmonic Hall a Kyiv, da dai sauransu). Tare da gina sabon K. z. gwani. alƙawura (a Yerevan, Tallinn, Minsk, da sauran garuruwa) a ƙarƙashin K. z. An sake gyara wasu tsoffin wuraren da aka yi amfani da su a baya don wasu dalilai (Zauren Engelhardt—daga baya Ƙananan Hall mai suna MI Glinka na Leningrad Philharmonic Society, Kremlin Concert Hall a Gorky, zauren Dome Cathedral a Riga, da sauransu). Kwararre. K. z. akwai a dukkan manyan biranen jamhuriyar Tarayyar da manyan cibiyoyin al'adu. A 60 - farkon. 70s al'adar gina abin da ake kira. Haɗa ɗakunan kide kide da wake-wake, waɗanda aka bambanta da ƙarfin ƙarfin su (daga mutane 3 zuwa 6) kuma sun dace da duka don kide kide da wake-wake da sauran taron jama'a-majalisu, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, da zanga-zangar fina-finai (Kremlin Palace of Congresses a Moscow, cinema da zauren kide-kide) Oktyabrsky " a Leningrad, "Oktoba" a Moscow, "Ukraine" a Kharkov, da dai sauransu). Babban K.z. Ana gina su a manyan otal-otal ("Soviet" a Moscow, da dai sauransu). K. z. a cikin USSR suna da yawa uch. cibiyoyi, kamfanoni, al'ummomi. kungiyoyi (ciki har da Gidan Mawaka na All-Union a Moscow), gidajen ma'aikata, yankunan karkara da dalibai da gidajen al'adu, da kulake. K. z. An gina nau'in bazara a cikin garuruwan shakatawa na Sochi, Jurmala, Palanga, da sauransu. a cikin USSR: Manyan da Ƙananan Majalisa na Moscow. masu kiyaye su. PI Tchaikovsky, Rukunin Rukunin Gidan Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa "Rasha" a Moscow, Babban da Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyin Leningrad. masu kiyaye su. NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Ƙananan Hall. MI Glinka Leningrad. Philharmonic, K.Z. Azerbaijan Conservatory (Baku), K. z. "Estonia" (Phiharmonic Jihar Estoniya a Tallinn), K. z. Jihar Georgian Philharmonic a Tbilisi, K. z. Philharmonic Society in Kazan, K. z. organ and chamber music in Kutaisi, K. z. t-ra “Vanemuine” in Tartu, K. z. Fadar Al'adu "Ukraine" a Kyiv, K. z. Fadar su. VI Lenin a Alma-Ata da sauransu.

References: Semenova IN, Stupel AM, Ƙananan Hall mai suna MI Glinka; Andronikov IL, Babban Hall na Philharmonic yana daya daga cikin wurare mafi kyau a duniya, duka a cikin tarin: Jihar Leningrad. Order of the Red Banner of Labor Philharmonic, M., 1972; Moscow Philharmonic (wanda L. Grigoriev ya tattara, J. Platek), M., 1973, p. 219-22.

MM Yakovlev