Samuil Feinberg |

Samuel Feinberg

Abubuwan ƙayatarwa daga littafin karantawa, jin kiɗa, gani hoto koyaushe ana iya sabunta su. Kayan da kansa yawanci yana hannunka. Amma ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da ke tattare da yin wahayi suna sannu a hankali, kan lokaci, suna shuɗewa cikin ƙwaƙwalwarmu. Kuma duk da haka, mafi m tarurruka tare da fitattun masters, kuma mafi muhimmanci, na asali fassara, na dogon lokaci yanke a cikin ruhaniya sani na mutum. Irin waɗannan abubuwan tabbas sun haɗa da haɗuwa da fasahar pianistic na Feinberg. Ma'anarsa, fassararsa ba su dace da kowane tsari ba, cikin kowane canons; ya ji kiɗa a hanyarsa - kowace magana, ta hanyarsa ya fahimci nau'in aikin, dukan tsarinsa. Ana iya ganin hakan har ma a yau ta hanyar kwatanta faifan bidiyo na Feinberg da yadda wasu manyan mawakan ke yi.

Ayyukan kide kide da wake-wake na mai zane ya dade fiye da shekaru arba'in. Muscovites saurare shi a karo na karshe a 1956. Kuma Feinberg ya bayyana kansa a babban sikelin artist riga a karshen Moscow Conservatory (1911). Wani dalibi na AB Goldenweiser ya kawo hankalin kwamitin jarrabawar, ban da babban shirin (Prelude, chorale da fugue na Franck, Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto da sauran ayyukan), duk 48 preludes da fugues na Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, Feinberg ya ba da ɗaruruwan kide kide da wake-wake. Amma a cikin su, wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar gandun daji a Sokolniki ya mamaye wuri na musamman. Ya faru a cikin 1919. VI Lenin ya ziyarci mutanen. A buƙatarsa, Feinberg sannan ya buga Chopin's Prelude a D flat major. Mawaƙin piano ya tuna: “Duk wanda ya ji daɗin halartar ƙaramin kide-kide gwargwadon iyawarsa ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai an isar da shi ta wurin ƙauna mai ban mamaki da haske na rayuwar Vladimir Ilyich… Na yi wasa da wannan sha'awar ta ciki, sananne ga kowane mawaƙi, lokacin da kake jin jiki cewa kowane sauti yana samun amsa mai daɗi, mai tausayi daga masu sauraro.

Mawaƙin mawaƙin mafi faɗin hangen nesa da al'adu mai girma, Feinberg ya mai da hankali sosai ga abun da ke ciki. Daga cikin abubuwan da ya yi akwai kide kide-kide guda uku da sonata goma sha biyu don piano, dadadden wakoki bisa wakokin Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok. Babban darajar fasaha shine rubuce-rubucen Feinberg, da farko na ayyukan Bach, waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin repertoire na ƴan pian wasan kiɗa da yawa. Ya sadaukar da makamashi mai yawa ga ilimin koyarwa, kasancewar farfesa a Moscow Conservatory tun 1922. (A 1940 ya sami digiri na Doctor of Arts). Daga cikin dalibansa akwai masu zane-zane da malamai I. Aptekarev, N. Emelyanova, V. Merzhanov, V. Petrovskaya, L. Zyuzin, Z. Ignatieva, V. Natanson, A. Sobolev, M. Yeshchenko, L. Roshchina da sauransu. Duk da haka, ya shiga cikin tarihi na Soviet m art, da farko, a matsayin fitaccen master of piano yi.

Farkon tunani da tunani sun kasance masu alaƙa da juna sosai a cikin kallon duniyar kiɗan sa. Farfesa VA Natanson, ɗalibin Feinberg, ya nanata: “Mai fasaha mai basira, ya mai da hankali sosai ga fahimtar kiɗan kai tsaye, da motsin rai. Ya kasance da mummunan hali ga duk wani “jagoranci” na ganganci da fassararsa, zuwa abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Gaba daya ya hade hankali da hankali. Irin waɗannan kayan aikin kamar ƙarfin kuzari, agogics, articulation, samar da sauti koyaushe an inganta su cikin salo. Har ma da kalmomin da aka goge kamar "karanta rubutu" sun zama masu ma'ana: ya "ga" kiɗan da mamaki sosai. Wani lokaci yakan zama kamar ya takura ne a cikin tsarin aiki ɗaya. Hankalinsa na fasaha ya jajirce zuwa ga faffadan salo mai fa'ida.

Daga ra'ayi na ƙarshe, rubutunsa, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan yadudduka, yana da halaye. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma shine kiɗa na Bach: 48 preludes da fugues, da kuma mafi yawan abubuwan da aka tsara na babban mawaki. “Ayyukansa na Bach,” ɗaliban Feinberg sun rubuta a cikin 1960, “ya ​​cancanci nazari na musamman. Yin aiki da duk rayuwarsa ta kere-kere akan Bach's polyphony, Feinberg a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo ya sami irin wannan babban sakamako a wannan yanki, wanda, watakila, ba a bayyana mahimmancin sa ba. A cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa, Feinberg bai taɓa "ɓata" tsari ba, baya "sha'awar" cikakkun bayanai. Tafsirinsa ya samo asali ne daga ma'anar aikin gaba ɗaya. Yana da fasahar gyare-gyare. Ƙwararren ɗan wasan pianist, ƙayyadaddun jimla yana ƙirƙirar, kamar dai, zane mai hoto. Haɗa wasu sassan, haskaka wasu, jaddada filastik na magana na kiɗa, yana samun ingantaccen amincin aiki.

Hanyar “cyclical” ta bayyana halin Feinberg game da Beethoven da Scriabin. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tunawa na rayuwar kide-kide ta Moscow shine wasan pianist na sonatas Beethoven talatin da biyu. Komawa cikin 1925 ya buga dukkan sonatas goma na Scriabin. A zahiri, ya kuma ƙware a duniya manyan ayyukan Chopin, Schumann da sauran marubuta. Kuma ga kowane mawaki da ya yi, yana iya samun wani kusurwa na musamman, wanda wani lokaci ya saba wa al'adar da aka yarda da ita. A cikin wannan ma'ana, abin lura AB Goldenweiser yana da nuni: "Ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a yarda da komai a cikin fassarar Feinberg ba: dabi'unsa na saurin dizzyingly, asalin caesuras - duk wannan wani lokaci ana iya yin muhawara; duk da haka, ƙwarewar ƙwararrun ƴan piano, keɓaɓɓen mutumtakarsa, da kuma furci mai ƙarfi da farawa ya sa wasan ya zama mai gamsarwa kuma ba da son rai ba har ma da mai sauraron da ba sa so.”

Feinberg cikin ƙwazo ya kunna kiɗan mutanen zamaninsa. Don haka, ya gabatar da masu sauraro ga litattafai masu ban sha'awa ta N. Myaskovsky, AN Alexandrov, a karo na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na Piano na Uku na S. Prokofiev; A zahiri, ya kasance ƙwararren mai fassara na abubuwan da ya tsara kuma. Asalin tunani na alama da ke cikin Feinberg bai ci amanar mai zane a cikin fassarar opuses na zamani ba. Kuma pianism na Feinberg kanta an yi masa alama da halaye na musamman. Farfesa AA Nikolaev ya ja hankali ga wannan: "Hanyoyin fasaha na fasaha na pianistic na Feinberg suma na musamman ne - motsin yatsunsa, ba su taɓa yin mamaki ba, kuma kamar dai yana shafa maɓallan, sautin m da kuma wani lokacin velvety na kayan aiki, bambancin sauti, da kyawun tsarin rhythmic.”

… Da zarar wani ɗan wasan piano ya ce: “Ina tsammanin cewa ainihin mai fasaha yana da alaƙa da fihirisa na musamman, wanda zai iya ƙirƙirar hoto mai sauti.” Feinberg's coefficient ya kasance babba.

Lit. cit.: Pianism a matsayin fasaha. – M., 1969; Kwarewar mai wasan piano. – M., 1978.

Lit.: SE Feinberg. Pianist. Mawaƙiya. Mai bincike. – M., 1984.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek