Sergey Sergeevich Prokofiev |

Sergey Prokofiev

Babban fa'idar (ko, idan kuna so, rashin amfani) na rayuwata koyaushe shine neman asali, harshen kiɗa na. Ina ƙin kwaikwayo, ina ƙin ƙwaƙƙwaran…

Kuna iya zama gwargwadon yadda kuke so a ƙasashen waje, amma lallai ne ku koma ƙasarku daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don ainihin ruhin Rashanci. S. Prokofiev

Shekarun yara na mawaƙa na gaba sun wuce a cikin iyali na kiɗa. Mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai wasan pian mai kyau, kuma yaron, yana barci, sau da yawa ya ji sautin sonata na L. Beethoven yana fitowa daga nesa, dakuna da yawa. Lokacin da Seryozha ya kasance ɗan shekara 5, ya shirya gunkinsa na farko don piano. A shekara ta 1902, S. Taneyev ya fahimci abubuwan da 'ya'yansa suka yi na tsarawa, kuma a kan shawararsa, an fara darussan darussan da R. Gliere. A cikin 1904-14 Prokofiev yayi karatu a Conservatory na St.

A karshe jarrabawa, Prokofiev ya yi rawar gani na farko Concerto, wanda aka bayar da Prize. A. Rubinstein. Matashin mawakin yana ɗokin shakuwa da sabbin abubuwa a cikin kiɗa kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya sami nasa hanyar a matsayin mawaƙin ƙirƙira. Da yake magana a matsayin mai wasan pianist, Prokofiev sau da yawa ya haɗa da ayyukansa a cikin shirye-shiryensa, wanda ya haifar da amsa mai karfi daga masu sauraro.

A cikin 1918, Prokofiev ya tafi Amurka, yana farawa a kan jerin tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje - Faransa, Jamus, Ingila, Italiya, Spain. A cikin ƙoƙari na cin nasara a kan masu sauraron duniya, ya ba da kide-kide da yawa, ya rubuta manyan ayyuka - wasan kwaikwayo The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); ballets Karfe Leap (1925, wahayi daga abubuwan juyin juya hali a Rasha), The Prodigal Son (1928), A kan Dnieper (1930); kiɗan kayan aiki.

A farkon 1927 da kuma a karshen 1929 Prokofiev yi tare da babban nasara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A shekarar 1927, an gudanar da kide-kide a Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv da Odessa. “liyafar da Moscow ta yi mini ba ta yau da kullun ba. ... liyafar a Leningrad ta zama mafi zafi fiye da na Moscow, "mawaƙin ya rubuta a cikin tarihin tarihin kansa. A karshen 1932, Prokofiev yanke shawarar komawa zuwa mahaifarsa.

Tun tsakiyar 30s. Ƙirƙirar Prokofiev ya kai matsayinsa. Ya ƙirƙira ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrunsa - ballet "Romeo da Juliet" bayan W. Shakespeare (1936); wasan opera mai ban dariya na lyric Betrothal a cikin gidan sufi (The Duenna, bayan R. Sheridan - 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) da "Toast" (1939); tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi ga nasa rubutun "Bitrus da Wolf" tare da kayan aiki-halaye (1936); Piano Sonata na Shida (1940); sake zagayowar piano guda "Kidan Yara" (1935).

A cikin 30-40s. Mawakan Prokofiev sun yi ta mafi kyawun mawakan Soviet: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. Babban nasarar da Soviet choreography ya samu shine hoton Juliet, wanda G. Ulanova ya kirkiro. A lokacin rani na 1941, a wani dacha kusa da Moscow, Prokofiev aka zanen da Leningrad Opera da Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo. SM Kirov ballet-tale "Cinderella". Labarin barkewar yaki tare da Jamus na fasikanci da kuma abubuwan ban tausayi da suka biyo baya sun haifar da sabon haɓakar ƙirƙira a cikin mawaki. Ya haifar da babban wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na jarumta-kishin kasa "Yaki da Aminci" bisa ga labari na L. Tolstoy (1943), kuma yana aiki tare da darekta S. Eisenstein akan fim din tarihi "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). Hotuna masu tayar da hankali, tunani na abubuwan da suka faru na soja da kuma, a lokaci guda, sha'awar da makamashi mara iyaka sune halayen kiɗa na Piano Sonata na Bakwai (1942). An kama amincewa mai girma a cikin Symphony na biyar (1944), wanda mawallafin, a cikin kalmominsa, ya so ya " raira waƙa na mutum mai 'yanci da farin ciki, ƙarfinsa mai girma, girmansa, tsarkinsa na ruhaniya."

A cikin post-yaki lokaci, duk da rashin lafiya mai tsanani Prokofiev halitta da yawa gagarumin ayyuka: na shida (1947) da kuma bakwai (1952) symphonies, na tara Piano Sonata (1947), wani sabon edition na opera War da Aminci (1952). , Cello Sonata (1949) da Symphony Concerto for cello and orchestra (1952). Marigayi 40s-farkon 50s. Yaƙe-yaƙe sun mamaye kamfen ɗin hayaniya a kan jagorar "anti-ƙasa" a cikin fasahar Soviet, zalunci da yawa daga cikin mafi kyawun wakilanta. Prokofiev ya zama daya daga cikin manyan formalists a music. Tozarta wakar sa a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1948 ya kara dagula lafiyar mawakin.

Prokofiev ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a wani dacha a ƙauyen Nikolina Gora a cikin yanayin Rasha da yake ƙauna, ya ci gaba da tsarawa, ya keta haramcin likitoci. Matsalolin rayuwa kuma sun shafi kerawa. Tare da gaske masterpieces, daga cikin ayyukan na 'yan shekarun nan akwai ayyuka na "simplistic tunani" - overture "Taro na Volga tare da Don" (1951), da oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950). suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), wasu shafukan ballet "Tale game da furen dutse" (1950), Symphony na bakwai. Prokofiev ya mutu a rana guda da Stalin, kuma bankwana da babban mawakin Rasha a tafiyarsa ta ƙarshe ya ruɗe da farin ciki da farin ciki dangane da jana'izar babban shugaban al'umma.

Salon Prokofiev, wanda aikinsa ya shafi shekaru 4 da rabi na rudani na karni na XNUMX, ya sami babban juyin halitta. Prokofiev ya shirya hanya don sabon kiɗa na karninmu, tare da sauran masu kirkiro na farkon karni - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, mawaƙa na makarantar Novovensk. Ya shiga zane-zane a matsayin mai ba da tsoro na rugujewar canons na ƙarshen fasahar Romantic tare da haɓakar sa. A wata hanya ta musamman da ke haɓaka al'adun M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev ya kawo cikin kiɗan da ba a haɗa shi da makamashi, hari, dynamism, freshness na primordial sojojin, da aka gane a matsayin "barbarism" ("Ra'ayi" da Toccata ga piano, "Sarcasms"; symphonic "Scythian Suite" bisa ga ballet "Ala da Lolly"; Na farko da na biyu Piano Concertos). Kiɗa na Prokofiev ya yi daidai da sababbin mawaƙa na Rasha, mawaƙa, masu zane-zane, ma'aikatan wasan kwaikwayo. "Sergey Sergeevich yana wasa a kan mafi yawan jijiyoyi na Vladimir Vladimirovich," V. Mayakovsky ya ce game da daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Prokofiev. Cizon cizon ƙauye na Rashanci ta hanyar kyan gani na ƙayatarwa shine halayyar ballet “Tale of the Jester Who Comed on Seven Jesters” (bisa tatsuniyoyi daga tarin A. Afanasyev). Kwatankwacinsa da wuya a wancan lokacin wakoki; a cikin Prokofiev, ba shi da sha'awa da kuma hankali - yana jin kunya, m, m ("Fleeting", "Tales na tsohuwar tsohuwar" don piano).

Haskaka, bambance-bambancen, ƙara yawan magana sune halaye na salon ƙasashen waje na shekaru goma sha biyar. Wannan ita ce wasan opera mai suna "Love for Three Lemu", suna fashe da farin ciki, tare da sha'awa, dangane da tatsuniya ta K. Gozzi ("gilashin shampagne", a cewar A. Lunacharsky); Kyakyawar Concerto na Uku tare da matsewar motarsa ​​mai ƙarfi, wanda aka saita ta wurin waƙar bututu mai ban sha'awa na farkon kashi na 1st, raɗaɗin waƙoƙi na ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancen sashi na 2 (1917-21); tashin hankali na motsin rai mai karfi a cikin "The Fiery Angel" (dangane da labari na V. Bryusov); Ƙarfin jaruntaka da iyawar waƙar Symphony ta biyu (1924); "Cubist" birni na "karfe lope"; Introspection na lyrical na "Tunani" (1934) da "Abubuwa a cikin kansu" (1928) don piano. Lokacin salon 30-40s. alama ta hikimar kamun kai da ke cikin balaga, haɗe da zurfin ƙasa da ƙasa na dabarun fasaha. Mawaƙin ya yi ƙoƙari don ra'ayoyin ɗan adam na duniya da jigogi, ɗaukaka hotuna na tarihi, haske, haƙiƙan-kankantattun haruffan kida. Wannan layin kerawa ya zurfafa musamman a cikin 40s. dangane da wahalhalun da suka afkawa mutanen Soviet a shekarun yaki. Bayyana dabi'u na ruhun mutum, zurfin zane-zane na zane-zane ya zama babban burin Prokofiev: "Na tabbata cewa mawaki, kamar mawaƙa, sculptor, mai zane, an kira shi don bauta wa mutum da mutane. Ya kamata ta raira waƙa ta rayuwar ɗan adam kuma ta jagoranci mutum zuwa ga kyakkyawar makoma. Irin wannan, daga ra'ayi na, shine ka'idar fasaha mara girgiza.

Prokofiev ya bar wata babbar al'adun gargajiya - 8 operas; 7 ballets; 7 wasan kwaikwayo; 9 piano sonata; 5 piano concertos (wanda na huɗu shine na hannun hagu ɗaya); 2 violin, 2 cello concertos (Na biyu - Symphony-concert); 6 kanta; magana; 2 suites na murya da murya; guda piano da yawa; guda don ƙungiyar makaɗa (ciki har da Overture na Rasha, Waƙar Symphonic, Ode zuwa Ƙarshen Yaƙi, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); Ayyukan ɗaki (Overture akan jigogi na Yahudawa don clarinet, piano da quartet kirtani; Quintet don oboe, clarinet, violin, viola da bass biyu; 2 kirtani quartets; 2 sonatas don violin da piano; Sonata don cello da piano; yawan waƙoƙin murya don kalmomi A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev da sauransu).

Creativity Prokofiev samu a duniya fitarwa. Ƙimar waƙarsa mai ɗorewa ta ta'allaka ne a cikin karimcinsa da alherinsa, a cikin himmarsa ga maɗaukakin ra'ayoyi na ɗan adam, a cikin wadatar zane-zane na ayyukansa.

Y. Kholopov

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