Oles Semyonovych Chishko (Chishko, Oles) |
Chishko, Oles
An haife shi a 1895 a ƙauyen Dvurechny Kut kusa da Kharkov, a cikin dangin malamin karkara. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga gymnasium, ya shiga Jami'ar Kharkov, inda ya karanci kimiyyar dabi'a, yana shirin zama masanin agronomist. A lokaci guda tare da karatu a jami'a, ya ɗauki darussan waƙa daga F. Bugomelli da LV Kich. A 1924 ya sauke karatu (a waje) daga Kharkov Music da Drama Institute, a 1937 daga Leningrad Conservatory, inda a 1931-34 ya yi karatu tare da PB Ryazanov (composition), Yu. N. Tyulin (harmony), Kh. S. Kushnarev (polyphony). A 1926-31 ya rera a Kharkov, Kiev, Odessa Opera da kuma Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a 1931-48 (tare da hutu a 1940-44) a Leningrad Maly Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya kasance soloist tare da Leningrad Philharmonic. Babban gwaninta da basirar asali sun bambanta al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na Chishko mawaƙa. Ya kirkiro hotuna masu haske a cikin operas Taras Bulba ta Lysenko (Kobzar), Rupture ta Femelidi (Godun), Zakhar Berkut ta Lyatoshinsky (Maxim Berkut), War da Aminci (Pierre Bezukhov), Potemkin Battleship (Matyushenko). An yi shi azaman mawaƙin kide kide. Oganeza da kuma darektan fasaha na farko (1939-40) na Ƙungiyar Waƙa da Rawar Rawar Baltic Fleet.
Gwaje-gwajen rubutawa na farko na Chishko sun kasance na nau'in murya. Yakan rubuta wakoki da na soyayya bisa ga rubutun wakoki na babban mawaki dan kasar Ukrainian TG Shevchenko (1916), daga baya kuma, bayan babban juyin juya halin gurguzu na Oktoba, ya tsara wakoki da gungumen sauti bisa kalmomin mawakan Soviet A. Zharov, M. Golodny da sauransu. A cikin 1930 Chishko ya kirkiro wasan opera na farko "Apple Captivity" ("Apple Tree Captivity"). Makircinsa ya dogara ne akan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya faru na yakin basasa a Ukraine. An yi wannan wasan opera a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na kida a Kyiv, Kharkov, Odessa, da Tashkent.
Babban aikin Oles Chishko shine ɗayan operas na farko na Soviet akan jigon juyin juya hali wanda ya sami karbuwa sosai, wasan opera Battleship Potemkin (1937), wanda Opera da Ballet Theater suka shirya. SM Kirov a Leningrad, Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet a Moscow da kuma yawan opera gidajen a kasar.
Ayyukan mawaƙin Chishko yana da alaƙa da haɓaka jigogi na jaruntaka da juyin juya hali a cikin fasahar kiɗan Soviet na 20-30s. Ya mai da hankali sosai ga matakan kiɗa da nau'ikan murya. A 1944-45 da kuma 1948-65 ya koyar a Leningrad Conservatory (composition class; tun 1957 mataimakin farfesa). Marubucin littafin Singing Voice and Its Properties (1966).
Abubuwan da aka tsara:
wasan kwaikwayo - Judith (libre Ch., 1923), Apple bauta (Yablunevy full, libre Ch., dangane da wasan da I. Dniprovsky, 1931, Odessa Opera da Ballet Theater), Battleship "Potemkin" (1937, Leningrad t- opera da kuma ballet, 2nd edition 1955), Diyar Caspian Sea (1942), Mahmud Torabi (1944, Uzbek opera and ballet school), Lesya da Danila (1958), Rivals (1964), tarihin Irkutsk (ba a gama ba); ga mawakan solo, mawaka da makada - cantata Akwai irin wannan sashi (1957), wok.-symphony. Suites: Guardsmen (1942), Tuta a kan majalisar ƙauyen (tare da kayan kade-kade, 1948), Miners (1955); don makada - Steppe Overture (1930), Ukrainian Suite (1944); ga ƙungiyar makaɗa na kayan aikin jama'a - Dance suite (1933), guda 6 (1939-45), 2 Kazakh. wakokin kazakh. Orc. nar. kayan aiki (1942, 1944); kirtani Quartet (1941); mawaka, romances (c. 50) da waƙoƙi a gaba. AS Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, TG Shevchenko da sauransu; aiki Ukrainian, Rashanci, Kazakh, Uzb. pine song (karanta 160); kiɗan k wasan kwaikwayo. t-ra.
